Anatomy of equine incisors: Pulp horns and subocclusal dentine thickness

Englisch, Lauritz Martin; Rott, P.; Lüpke, Matthias; Seifert, H; Staszyk, Carsten

doi:10.1111/evj.12841

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our data do not display the three-dimensional shape of the pulp system as only selected two-dimensional, horizontal sections were investigated. However, our data add information on the exact dimensions of the pulp compartment and, therefore, complete the three-dimensional data presented in previous studies [25,27,32]. In contrast to equine hypsodont teeth, a common pulp chamber is placed in the crown region in the brachydont teeth of humans, which gives rise to pulp canals in the apical direction [14,16].…”

Section: Morphology: Age-related Changes In the Equine Dental Pulpsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe and analyze equine pulpal tissue with regard to age-related changes and make recommendations for planning endodontic therapies. Preliminary examinations have focused on the spatial arrangement of equine dental pulp and its cavity system [25][26][27][28], but these investigations have neglected the histomorphometric changes to pulpal tissue with age. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe and analyze equine pulpal tissue with regard to age-related changes and make recommendations for planning endodontic therapies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Equine Dental Pulp: Histomorphometric Analysis of the Equine Dental Pulp in Incisors and Cheek Teeth

Roßgardt

Heilen

Büttner

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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To maintain a healthy and functional status, equine hypsodont teeth have to produce lifelong large amounts of subocclusal dentin to prevent occlusal pulp exposure, which is caused by occlusal wear. To examine the cyto- and histological components that guarantee the lifelong high productivity of equine pulp, a limited number of ten incisors and ten cheek teeth from seven adult horses (aged 5 to 24 years) and five foals were sampled for preliminary histomorphometric and histomorphological evaluations. Independently of age, the equine dental pulp featured constant layers of predentin and odontoblastic cells, as well as soft connective tissue, composed of a cellular fibrous matrix, in which blood vessels and nerve fibers were embedded. As a result of the progressive deposition of newly formed dentin, the layer of dentin became thicker with age, and the size of the pulp chamber decreased. In contrast to the brachydont teeth, the morphological characteristics of the odontoblastic layer and the width of the predentin layer did not change with age. Therefore, it is assumed that the equine pulp tissue retained their juvenile status, which explains its unchanged ability to produce high amounts of subocclusal dentin. These preliminary, but clinically significant, findings are worthy of further investigation in order to identify strategies for equine-specific endodontic therapies.

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Section: Morphology: Age-related Changes In the Equine Dental Pulpsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Equine Dental Pulp: Histomorphometric Analysis of the Equine Dental Pulp in Incisors and Cheek Teeth

Roßgardt

Heilen

Büttner

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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“…The SODT was lower than 2, 3, and 4 mm in 13.1, 38.1 and 61.4% of performed measurements, respectively. However, a lot of variability was seen as also previously reported in horses, where the smallest SODT in equine cheek teeth and incisors was reported to be 2 mm and 0.7 mm, respectively [ 32 , 38 ]. In contrast to current practice in equine dentistry, dental floating is not routinely performed in alpacas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Clinical insights into the three-dimensional anatomy of cheek teeth in alpacas based on micro-computed tomography. Part 1: mandibular cheek teeth

et al. 2021

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Background Despite dental disease being a common health concern in alpacas, important dental pathology including apical infection, remains poorly understood. Treatment options are limited compared to veterinary dentistry techniques in other species. The primary goal of this study was to increase understanding of the external and internal anatomy of mandibular cheek teeth to enable the development of tooth sparing techniques in this species. Also, an objective evaluation of the sub-occlusal dentinal thickness in normal mandibular cheek teeth is warranted to understand the risks associated with reduction of overgrown teeth. Results Overall pulp anatomy was variably characterized by the presence of a common pulp chamber in younger teeth, and segmentation of pulp cavities into multiple separate pulp entities within the same tooth with increasing age. A common pulp chamber was identified in 55.3% (26/47) of teeth with a mean dental age of 1 year and 11 months (± 1 year and 8 months). Columnar segmentation was recorded in the remaining teeth with a mean dental age of 6 years and 5 months (± 3 years and 11 months). Age of segmentation of the common pulp chamber into multiple separate pulp entities shows wide variation and is dependent of the specific Triadan position. The present study illustrates the presence of disto-mesial root contacts between adjacent tooth roots, often leading to morphological adaptations, most frequently observed between Triadan 09–10s (80%) and 10–11s (67%). The measured sub-occlusal dentinal thickness was as low as 1.11 mm over some pulp horns. The sub-occlusal dentinal thickness was lower than 2, 3, and 4 mm in 13.1, 38.1 and 61.4% of performed measurements, respectively. Conclusion This study provides detailed information on age-dependent mandibular cheek teeth anatomy in alpacas, which may support the use and development of advanced dental treatments in this species such as endodontics and tooth sectioning techniques. Apical morphological adaptations caused by disto-mesial root contact between adjacent mandibular cheek teeth are clearly illustrated. The limited amount of sub-occlusal secondary dentin warrants a cautious approach with regards to dental floating in alpacas.

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“…This uneven wear likely worsened the deviation and immobility of the mandible, hastening ankylosis of the fractured coronoid process of two of the horses. Dental overgrowths were reduced gradually to avoid exposing dental pulp (White and Dixon, 2010;Englisch et al 2018). Dental overgrowth was considered the reason for inability to move the mandible of all three horses to its proper position immediately after surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dental overgrowths were reduced gradually to avoid exposing dental pulp (White and Dixon, 2010; Englisch et al . 2018). Dental overgrowth was considered the reason for inability to move the mandible of all three horses to its proper position immediately after surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronoidectomy as a treatment for mandibular immobility caused by fracture of the coronoid process in three horses

Magri

Schramme

Nottrott

et al. 2020

Equine Veterinary Education

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This report describes the history, clinical signs and treatment of three horses suffering from deviation and immobility of the mandible resulting from fracture of a coronoid process of the mandible.Deviation and immobility resulted from impingement of a callus between the temporal bone and zygomatic arch. Fracture of the coronoid process was identified by using radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography or a combination of two or more of these imaging modalities. Osteoarthritis of the ipsilateral temporomandibular joint of two horses was identified. All horses were treated by excising the fractured coronoid process, and two were also treated by excising the diseased ipsilateral mandibular condyle. All horses were able to open their mouth more widely immediately after surgery. One horse experienced moderate post-operative haemorrhage, and all had severe shear mouth. Shear mouth was ameliorated gradually over many months by rasping dental overgrowths. Mandibular movement of all horses improved, allowing efficient mastication of feed. One horse was able to be used as a showjumper, one horse was sold at Thoroughbred yearling sales and was lost to follow-up, and one horse died from an unrelated gastrointestinal disease 10 months after mandibular coronoidectomy and condylectomy.

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Anatomy of equine incisors: Pulp horns and subocclusal dentine thickness

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

The Equine Dental Pulp: Histomorphometric Analysis of the Equine Dental Pulp in Incisors and Cheek Teeth

The Equine Dental Pulp: Histomorphometric Analysis of the Equine Dental Pulp in Incisors and Cheek Teeth

Clinical insights into the three-dimensional anatomy of cheek teeth in alpacas based on micro-computed tomography. Part 1: mandibular cheek teeth

Coronoidectomy as a treatment for mandibular immobility caused by fracture of the coronoid process in three horses

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