Anatomy of Forehead, Glabellar, Nasal and Orbital Muscles, and Their Correlation with Distinctive Patterns of Skin Lines on the Upper Third of the Face: Reviewing Concepts

Abramo, Antonio Carlos; Amaral, Thiago Paoliello Alves Do; Lessio, Bruno Pierotti; Lima, Germano Andrighetto De

doi:10.1007/s00266-016-0712-z

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Although most individuals share similar anatomy, Abramo and colleagues 13 found 3 distinct dermal insertions for corrugator supercilii, demonstrating that there were 3 distinct shapes for the same muscle. It was suggested that each distinct type of corrugator supercilii caused different eyebrow movements or glabellar lines, which generates distinct patterns of vertical glabellar lines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Study of Chinese-Specific Glabellar Contraction Patterns

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUNDBotulinum toxin has been widely accepted as safe and effective for the treatment of glabellar lines, and previous studies have classified glabellar contraction patterns into 5 categories.OBJECTIVETo classify the glabellar contraction patterns among a large-scale Chinese population and provide a reference for injections in Chinese patients.METHODSFour hundred eighty-nine Chinese subjects who received botulinum toxin for the treatment of glabellar lines were selected for a retrospective photographic analysis of their glabellar contraction patterns. Using 2 separate previously established classification systems, the patterns were analyzed and classified by a panel of certified Chinese dermatologists.RESULTSTwo separate classification systems showed different distributions of glabellar contraction patterns among Chinese compared with Caucasians and Koreans. The classifications allowed for identification of the most frequent patterns in Chinese, which were “converging arrows” and “11” pattern, and provided references for identifying the most important muscles.CONCLUSIONBoth classification systems are applicable to the Chinese population with varying distributions. Because the classification system of de Almeida and colleagues focuses more on the muscles involved in the formation of glabellar lines, the authors' subjects classified according to this system displayed a more balanced distribution among the 5 patterns. This provides an easier reference for dermatologists in daily clinical practice and guiding treatment strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Study of Chinese-Specific Glabellar Contraction Patterns

et al. 2019

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“…3,10 Abramo et al classified four distinct anatomical shapes of the frontalis muscle. 11 In Type I, "full shape", the muscle covers the entire forehead, including the central part, giving rise to parallel wrinkles that extend continuously throughout the forehead ( Figure 1A). Type II is described as "V-shape" and is formed by two bands separated by aponeurotic tissue ( Figure 1B).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1Variation in frontalis anatomy and corresponding forehead line patterns 11. Artwork by Rodrigo Tonan.de Sanctis Pecora Dovepress submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com DovePress Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 2020:13…”

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confidence: 99%

<p>One21: A Novel, Customizable Injection Protocol for Treatment of the Forehead with IncobotulinumtoxinA</p>

Pecora¹

2020

CCID

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It is well known that incobotulinumtoxinA (INCO) is an effective approved treatment for dynamic wrinkles of the upper face caused by the action of mimetic muscles over time. In doing so, it is important to maintain a balance between muscle groups and a natural facial appearance. Patients differ enormously in their facial anatomy regarding structure and function, both within and between genders, ethnicities, and age. Therefore, treating all patients with the same injection pattern and the same doses can result in undesired outcomes. There is a need for a tailored approach to achieve optimal results, as well as to increase patient satisfaction. With this in mind, the novel one21 injection technique which allows for individualized treatment has been developed for the treatment of horizontal forehead lines using INCO, resulting in a positive impact on eyebrow position and shape. This technique is the next step in a customized approach, giving natural-looking results and high patient satisfaction.

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“…In the brow, muscle balance is maintained by the opposition of the only levator, the occipitofrontalis, by the depressor complex including the corrugator supercilii, the procerus, depressor supercilii and the orbicularis oculi. 11 By treating one or both of the depressors and the levator, it is possible to reduce both glabellar and horizontal forehead dynamic wrinkles, to achieve a smooth brow. However, rebalancing of the levator and depressor brow muscles may result in changes in the position and shape of the eyebrows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>A Novel OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment Technique to Obtain Predictable Outcomes in Eyebrow Position and Shape</p>

Angelo-Khattar¹

2020

CCID

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Background OnabotulinumtoxinA has been approved for multiple clinical and dermatological indications. The toxin, produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum , is undoubtedly the most widely used cosmetic treatment for both the reduction and prophylaxis of wrinkles in the upper face and the reshaping of the eyebrows. However, the aesthetic outcomes obtained with respect to eyebrow position and shape are not always predictable and furthermore, untoward effects such as eyelid and brow ptosis are sometimes seen. Objective This article suggests a novel injection technique of the upper face with OnabotulinumtoxinA to obtain predictable and reproducible results with respect to eyebrow position and shape, whilst greatly minimizing the risk of adverse effects such as brow and lid ptosis. Discussion OnabotulinumtoxinA inhibits the release of acetylcholine and results in the temporary paralysis of skeletal muscle. The aesthetic outcome of wrinkle reduction typically lasts for a period of 14–16 weeks. Although relatively safe in that the toxin does not have any irreversible side effects, even a temporary untoward reaction may be seriously distressing to the cosmetic patient. Conclusion The proposed injection technique, when diligently followed, ensures that the final eyebrow position is pleasing and symmetrical with a negligible risk of any untoward effects.

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Anatomy of Forehead, Glabellar, Nasal and Orbital Muscles, and Their Correlation with Distinctive Patterns of Skin Lines on the Upper Third of the Face: Reviewing Concepts

Cited by 37 publications

References 12 publications

A Retrospective Study of Chinese-Specific Glabellar Contraction Patterns

A Retrospective Study of Chinese-Specific Glabellar Contraction Patterns

<p>One21: A Novel, Customizable Injection Protocol for Treatment of the Forehead with IncobotulinumtoxinA</p>

<p>A Novel OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment Technique to Obtain Predictable Outcomes in Eyebrow Position and Shape</p>

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