Anatomy of Hereditary Bovine Syndactylism. I. Osteology

Leipold, H. W.; Adrian, R.W.; Huston, K; Trotter, D.M.; Dennis, S. M.; Guffy, M. M.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(69)86766-4

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Other anatomic features in the Angus cross calves resembled those described previously in Holsteins. 15 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Syndactyly in Holsteins was recognized most readily in its characteristic form: a single digit covered with a hoof the shape of a bilaterally compressed, truncated, inverted cone. 15 The dewclaws often were greatly enlarged, with the lateral commonly larger than the medial. The most proximal synostosis involved the proximal row of carpal bones, including fusion of ulnar and intermediate, as well as the combination of all 3 into a single bony structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A classification system based on the number of proximal sesamoids has been devised. 15 Synostosis of the syndactylous digits was horizontal (corresponding phalanges of the 2 digits). A fusion gradiant was noted in animals with Ͼ1 affected limb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 Syndactyly has also been reported in Europe affecting Simmental, German Red Pied, Danish Hol-stein-Friesians (from an American Holstein bull), and crosses of a Swedish Friesian male with Swedish Redand-White ϫ Czech Pied females, as well as in Japanese native and improved black cattle. [13][14][15]23,25 In this report, we describe syndactyly in Angus cattle and compare it with syndactyly in Holstein cattle.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Results of anatomic, embryologic, and genetic studies have been published. [1][2][3][4][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Methods have been devised to test both males and females for presence or absence of the recessive syndactyly gene. 4,5,12,22 These methods use superovulation of suspected heterozygous cows and/or syndactylous tester cows or semen of syndactylous bulls, embryo transfer, and early gestation cesarean sections.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hereditary Syndactyly in Angus Cattle

Leipold

Schmidt

Steffen³

et al. 1998

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Twenty-five syndactylous Angus cattle, characterized pathologically, were reported from 16 herds in 10 states from 1979 to 1994. Twenty-one (84%) had all 4 legs syndactylous, 3 (12%) had 3 legs syndactylous, and 1 (4%) had 2 legs syndactylous. All syndactylous cattle walked with considerable difficulty. Hooves of aged animals became curled and bent laterally or medially. Affected hooves had the appearance of a truncated cone, the base of which was located at the coronary band. Most hooves were fused completely with no indication of dual anlage. An occasional hoof had a distal notch, and other hooves had a dorsally located groove indicating dual embryonic origin. Lateral dewclaws were enlarged in most cases. Radiographs and dissections of limbs of 19 animals revealed a consistent pattern of fusion in most affected calves. Lesions included 1 or more of the following: disappearance of the large metacarpal and metatarsal intertrochlear notches, horizontal fusion of 1 or more carpals and tarsals, fusion of proximal sesamoids, 1 distal sesamoid, and fusion of paired phalanges. Evidence of a genetic cause consisted of 11 syndactylous calves among 70 offspring of 4 3/4 sib families, 8 preterm syndactylous fetuses among 148 preterm fetuses and 13 calves in progenies of 19 animals tested for possible heterozygosity, and 5 syndactylous calves from matings of an Angus syndactylous bull with 1 Angus and 4 Holstein syndactylous cows. Data were consistent with recessive inheritance at a single locus. Angus cattle with sydactytly had a larger number of affected limbs than did syndactylous Holsteins and their Angus crosses, suggesting existence of 2 recessive alleles. The allele of Holsteins (sy H ) appeared to influence phenotypic expression in a dominant pattern over the Angus allele (sy A ). Both sy A and sy H alleles acted as reccessives to the normal SY allele. Phenotypic effects on limb development were most dramatic in calves with the sy A /sy A genotype.

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“…Other anatomic features in the Angus cross calves resembled those described previously in Holsteins. 15 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hereditary Syndactyly in Angus Cattle

Leipold

Schmidt

Steffen³

et al. 1998

J VET Diagn Invest

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Syndactyly in Pigs: A Review of Previous Research and the Presentation of Eight Archaeological Specimens

Madgwick

Forest

Beglane

2011

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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This paper reviews evidence for the rare condition of porcine syndactyly. It describes eight archaeological examples from Britain, Northern Ireland and France. Syndactyly refers to the partial or complete fusion of two or more adjacent phalanges on the medio-lateral border. The degree and character of fusion are variable, but phalanges frequently unite to create a single skeletal element. This condition has been identified by veterinarians, zoologists and naturalists in individuals and populations in a range of species, but in spite of substantial research on the condition in humans and to a lesser extent cattle, it remains relatively poorly understood in other mammals. Syndactyly is generally agreed to be primarily congenital in origin, although factors affecting its incidence remain far from fully understood. In light of the general paucity of discussion of specific conditions of animal palaeopathology, this paper presents an analysis of these newly discovered syndactyle pig specimens, offers a review of research with particular reference to pigs and discusses the etiology of the condition.

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Congenital Defects of Domestic and Feral Animals

Leipold

Dennis

1984

Issues and Reviews in Teratology

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Anatomy of Hereditary Bovine Syndactylism. I. Osteology

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Hereditary Syndactyly in Angus Cattle

Hereditary Syndactyly in Angus Cattle

Syndactyly in Pigs: A Review of Previous Research and the Presentation of Eight Archaeological Specimens

Congenital Defects of Domestic and Feral Animals

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