Anatomy of Purple Nutsedge

Wills, Gene D.; Briscoe, George Ann

doi:10.1017/s0043174500034391

Cited by 64 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…3). Moreover, Wills & Briscoe (1970) have shown that the vascular rhizome system of C rotundus remained intact long after the aerial parts deteriorated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GROWTH, TUBER FORMATION AND SPREAD OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. FROM SINGLE TUBERS*

Horowitz¹

1972

Weed Research

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Summary. Single tubers of Cyperus rotundus L. were planted at intervals over the year. Plant growth was slow and sprouting of tubers was inhibited at temperatures below 20°C, but tubers overwintered at temperatures above freezing point. In the warm season, plant growth and tuber formation rate closely followed air temperature and tubers were forming within 1 month from planting. No inflorescence appeared during the cool season. In autumn‐planted C. rotundus grown in containers, the ratio of aerial to subterranean weight decreased from 1·1 in December to 0·2–0·4 in summer. The weight of tubers in mid‐summer was about 10 times more than that present in December. Tubers formed at ail times of year and at various locations on plants sprouted readily in laboratory tests (76–100% sprouting). C. rotundus planted in March at wide spacings was grown in field conditions free of other plant competition for 20 months. Within 2 months the plants had spread to 90 cm. At the end of the first and the second summer of growth, the mean area of one plant was 7·6 m2 and 56·7 m2, respectively, and patches had expanded then by 2·8 m and 5·4 m, respectively, from the initial shoot. After 20 months of growth all tubers were present within the 0–40 cm soil depth, 60–70% of them in the 0–20 cm layer. About 30% of the tubers were within 1 m and 60% within 2 m of the plant centre. Under the patch centre there were about 1000 tubers per m2 with 0·3 kg dry weight; in the upper 20 cm more than 3500 tubers weighing 0·9 kg were present per m3 of soil. Croissance, formation de tubercules et propagation de Cyperus rotundus L. issu de tubercules uniques

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“…3). Moreover, Wills & Briscoe (1970) have shown that the vascular rhizome system of C rotundus remained intact long after the aerial parts deteriorated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GROWTH, TUBER FORMATION AND SPREAD OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. FROM SINGLE TUBERS*

Horowitz¹

1972

Weed Research

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“…Tuber age affects tuber dormancy. Neeser et al (1997) used the definition of Wills and Briscoe (1970) of primary dormancy as those tubers with no apparent sign of rhizome growth or with wiry, lignified rhizomes, and secondary dormancy as those tubers having previously sprouted that showed remains of lignified rhizomes attached to dormant tubers. With these definitions, Neeser et al (1997) reported that the dormancy of single tubers separated from the rhizome chains increased with cohort age, and that the increased tuber dormancy was primarily caused by the increase in secondary dormancy.…”

Section: Tuber Dormancy and Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Purple nutsedge tuber sprouting

Nishimoto

2001

Weed Biology and Management

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Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) tubers remain viable for several years and serve as its principal means of survival. The maintenance of high moisture content is essential to tuber survival. Apical dominance influences bud dormancy within a tuber and in a chain of tubers, and dormancy increases with tuber age. Several growth inhibitors were identified in tubers, but their role in tuber dormancy has not been established. Moisture levels in soil must increase to a critical level before sprouting occurs, but excess soil moisture deters sprouting. Oxygen may be a limiting factor for tuber sprouting in waterlogged soils. Although light is not a requirement for sprouting, it has promoted sprouting. Temperature regulates sprouting; no sprouting occured below 10°C and above 45°C. Optimum sprouting occurred between 25 and 35°C when provided with constant temperatures. However, daily alternating temperatures greatly stimulated sprouting. A daily short duration (0.5 h) of high temperature increased sprouting to nearly 100%, whereas less than 50% sprouting occurred without the daily high temperature pulse. Bud break occurred readily for most tubers at 20°C and in nearly 100% of the tubers with a single 0.5 h exposure to a high temperature (35°C) pulse. However, most buds did not elongate if the tuber remained at 20°C. Bud elongation occurred at higher temperatures, and daily alternating temperatures stimulated shoot elongation up to eightfold greater than at the respective mean constant temperatures. Daily soil temperature fluctuation may be a major signal for purple nutsedge emergence, such as when the plant canopy is removed, or when soils are solarized. Future research is needed to determine tuber sprouting for different ecotypes, and on the role of the rhizome chain. Systems to manipulate sprouting may provide new strategies for purple nutsedge management.

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“…Postemergence control of yellow nutsedge with chlorimuron and imazaquin was equivalent to, or better than, that with bentazon and glyphosate. Successful yellow nutsedge control with foliar-applied herbicides requires rapid absorption and translocation of the active ingredient to the meristematic cells of the basal bulb, rhizome apices, and tubers in sufficient quantities to kill the entire plant (Bhan et al, 1970;Hauser, 1963;Sprankle et al, 1975;Wills and Briscoe, 1970;Wills et al, 1980). Bentazon control of yellow nutsedge is often restricted due to the absence of basipetal translocation to parent tubers and very little acropetal translocation to other plant parts (Stoner et al, 1975).…”

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Yellow Nutsedge Control in Landscape Plants

Wilcut¹,

Gilliam²,

Wehtje³

et al. 1991

HortSci

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Preplant-incorporated, preemergence, and postemergence herbicides were evaluated for yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) control and for phytotoxicity to four container-grown woody plants. Preplant-incorporated or preemergence applications of chlorimuron at 0.07 kg a.i./ha or imazaquin at 1.12 kg a.i./ha provided the greatest control of yellow nutsedge. Imazaquin applied at 0.28, 0.56, 0.84, or 1.12 kg a.i./ha suppressed growth of Rhododendron × `Copperman' azalea and Lagerstroemia indica ×sfauriai `Natchez'. All other herbicides tested were safe on the four woody plants evaluated. Chlorimuron provided the best combination of yellow nutsedge control and tolerance on woody ornamental. Chemical names used: 2-[[[[(4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acid (chlorimuron); 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (imazaquin).

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Anatomy of Purple Nutsedge

Cited by 64 publications

References 11 publications

GROWTH, TUBER FORMATION AND SPREAD OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. FROM SINGLE TUBERS*

GROWTH, TUBER FORMATION AND SPREAD OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. FROM SINGLE TUBERS*

Purple nutsedge tuber sprouting

Yellow Nutsedge Control in Landscape Plants

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