Anatomy of the equine nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and potential clinical applications as a basis for endoscopy, computed tomography and surgery

Nöller, Claudia; Nowak, Michael; Hamann, Jörg; Fritsch, Guido; Budras, Klaus-Dieter

doi:10.21836/pem20070105

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Abnormal exudates draining from the caudal aspect of the middle meatus are visible in 38% of sinonasal neoplasia case s (Tremaine and Dixon 2001a). Direct endoscopic visualisation of these tumours may be possible using transnasal sinus endoscopy by the Nowak technique, as described recently (Nöller et al . 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2009), via trephination of the affected sinus (Ruggles et al . 1993), or using transnasal sinus endoscopy by the Nowak technique (Nöller et al . 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To confirm the diagnosis of SCC, a biopsy of the mass can be taken either transendoscopically , sinuscopically (Perkins et al 2009), via trephination of the affected sinus (Ruggles et al 1993), or using transnasal sinus endoscopy by the Nowak technique (Nöller et al 2007). In the cases described here, the biopsy was taken via trephination of the caudal maxillary sinus, as the mass could not be seen during nasal endoscopy in Case 1, and in Case 2 necrosis of the overlying bone facilitated perforation.…”

Section: Fig 5: Case 2: Transverse Image Caudal To III In a Soft Tissmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Squamous cell carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses in two horses

Kowalczyk¹,

Boehler²,

Brunthaler³

et al. 2011

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary This case report describes the history, clinical findings, diagnostic imaging (including computed tomography), gross pathology and histopathology of 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma in the paranasal sinuses. Radiography of the skull is a useful tool to detect a mass in the paranasal sinuses, but the position, extent and character of the lesion can be better visualised with computed tomography.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2009), via trephination of the affected sinus (Ruggles et al . 1993), or using transnasal sinus endoscopy by the Nowak technique (Nöller et al . 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 5: Case 2: Transverse Image Caudal To III In a Soft Tissmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Squamous cell carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses in two horses

Kowalczyk¹,

Boehler²,

Brunthaler³

et al. 2011

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Within the systems there are communication ways between the belonging sinuses. The RMS and the VCS of the cranial system communicate via an opening dorsal to the nasolacrimal duct named the conchomaxillary aperture (Apertura conchomaxillaris) [ 2 , 3 ]. The caudal sinus system consists of many communication channels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric measurements of paranasal sinuses and examination of sinonasal communication in healthy Shetland ponies: anatomical and morphometric characteristics using computed tomography

et al. 2021

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Background Despite clinical importance and frequent occurrence of sinus disease, little is known about the size of paranasal sinuses and their communication in ponies and small horses. To examine the shape and volume of the paranasal sinuses and evaluate the sinonasal communication, three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of computed tomography (CT) datasets of 12 healthy adult Shetland ponies were performed and analysed. Linear measurements of head length and width were taken. Using semi-automatic segmentation, 3D-models of all sinus compartments were created. Volumetric measurement of the seven sinus compartments were conducted and statistical analysis was performed. Sinus volumes were compared between the left and right sinuses and the relation to age and head size was evaluated. Results Structure and shape of the paranasal sinus system in Shetland ponies was similar to that of large horses. All seven sinus compartments on each side of the head were identified (rostral maxillary sinus, ventral conchal sinus, caudal maxillary sinus, dorsal conchal sinus, middle conchal sinus, frontal sinus, sphenopalatine sinus). The existence of a bilateral cranial and a caudal system formed by a maxillary septum was visible in all 12 individuals. The volumetric sizes of the left and right sinuses did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). A positive correlation between the size of the paranasal sinuses and the head length was shown. A relation between sinus volumes and age could not be proved in adult ponies aged > six years. Communication between single sinus compartments was identified. Furthermore, communication with the nasal cavity over the nasomaxillary aperture (Apertura nasomaxillaris) and a common sinonasal channel (Canalis sinunasalis communis) as well as its splitting up into a rostral and a caudolateral channel could be seen. Examination of the sinonasal communication was challenging and only a descriptive evaluation was possible. Conclusions Our findings concerning the size, shape and volumetric dimensions of Shetland pony CT images could help improve CT interpretation of abnormal clinical cases as well as aiding clinicians to develop and select appropriate instruments for medical inspection and treatments.

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“…In man, cross-sectional imaging is standard practice for assessment of intracranial lesions (Yuca et al 2006), following head trauma and to enable preoperative planning during any complicated maxillofacial procedures. Both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are being used increasingly for imaging structures in the equine head as the availability of these modalities increases (Arencibia et al 2000;Hoppe et al 2003;Noller et al 2007). Despite the high cost and practical restrictions, it appears logical that these will become standard practice when imaging space-occupying lesions in the head of the horse in years to come.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The diagnosis and treatment of progressive ethmoidal haematomas

Tremaine

2009

Equine Veterinary Education

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Anatomy of the equine nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and potential clinical applications as a basis for endoscopy, computed tomography and surgery

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Squamous cell carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses in two horses

Squamous cell carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses in two horses

Volumetric measurements of paranasal sinuses and examination of sinonasal communication in healthy Shetland ponies: anatomical and morphometric characteristics using computed tomography

The diagnosis and treatment of progressive ethmoidal haematomas

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