Anatomy of the human sinus node

James, Thomas N.

doi:10.1002/ar.1091410205

Cited by 232 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…5,9 The latter subtypes were classified into a or b type, according to its respective orientation, clockwise or counter-clockwise, and analyzed for the possibility of complete/incomplete ring formation around the base of the superior vena cava. 2 Accordingly, each SANB, except for the branch of probable bronchial artery origin, was classified into one of the following types ( Figure 1): R1 originating in the right coronary artery with a route medial to the right auricle, and subdivided into R1a (Figure 2) and R1b, according to its clockwise or counterclockwise route, respectively, in the sinuatrial node region at the base of the superior vena cava. R2 originating in the right coronary artery with a route that traversed the posterior surface of the right atrium, crossing the sinuatrial node region to the right of the superior vena cava in a counterclockwise direction (type R2b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In the last decade, with the advent of new surgical techniques used in the treatment of arrhythmias, more specifically of atrial fibrillation, knowledge of the characteristics and trajectory of the atrial branches, particularly the sinuatrial nodal branches of the coronary artery (SANB), have assumed great importance. [8][9][10][11] With respect to the origin of arterial irrigation to the sinuatrial node, some authors have described it as a single branch, originating from the right coronary artery, from the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery and/or from the trunk of the left coronary artery, 1,2,5,7,9,[12][13][14] or even of the left bronchial artery. 15 Other authors have reported the possible presence of 2 branches in up to 11% of cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical Variations in the Human Sinuatrial Nodal Artery

Ortale¹,

Paganoti²,

Marchiori³

2006

Clinics

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Ortale JR, Paganoti C de F, Marchiori GF. Anatomical variations in the human sinuatrial nodal artery. Clinics. 2006;61(6): 551-8. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the anatomical variations of sinuatrial nodal branch(es) of the coronary artery mainly regarding their number; a recent report from Japan claims the presence of 2 branches in up to 50% of cases, an occurrence that would permit adequate flow compensation in case of occlusion or section of 1 of these branches. METHODS:The sinuatrial nodal branch(es) of 50 human hearts fixed in formol solution were dissected with the aid of a Normo Health 3.0 degree visor magnifying lens, measured, and classified as to the origin, route, and number of branches. RESULTS: In 94% (n = 47) of cases, a single sinuatrial nodal branch was found. classified: (A) two right side types, R1 (in 46% of cases, n = 23), situated medial to the right auricle and R2 (in 4% of cases, n = 2), situated on the posterior surface of the right atrium; (B) three left side types, L1 (in 24% of cases, n = 12), situated medial to the left auricle, L2 (in 16% of cases, n = 8), situated posterior to the left auricle, and L3 (in 4% of cases, n = 2), situated on the posterior surface of the left atrium. Except for R2, each type was subdivided into 'a' or 'b' types, according to whether the sinuatrial nodal branch(es) occurred in a clockwise or counterclockwise orientation around the base of the superior cava vena. In 4% of cases (n = 2), 2 sinuatrial nodal branch(es) were observed with 1 branch originating from each of the coronary arteries. In 1 case (2%), 3 sinuatrial nodal branch(es) were found, 2 from the right coronary artery and the third probably from the bronchial branch of the thoracic aorta. In 30% of the cases, the sinuatrial nodal branch(es) formed a ring around the base of the superior cava vena. In all cases, the sinuatrial nodal branch(es) supplied collateral branches to the atrium and/or the auricle of the same side as its origin and/or to the opposite side. CONCLUSION: The low frequency of 2 sinuatrial nodal branch(es) in Brazilian individuals, compared to the higher frequency found among the Japanese, is probably due to a variation associated with ethnic group origin.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Variations in the Human Sinuatrial Nodal Artery

Ortale¹,

Paganoti²,

Marchiori³

2006

Clinics

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“…Occasionally it divides and the branches encircle the root of the superior vena cava to supply the sinoatrial node [9]. In rare cases there was no distinct vessel identified [4,6,13,16]. In the present study, the sinoatrial nodal artery was arising from right coronary artery in 57% of hearts [ Figure 1]; it was arising from left circumflex artery in 25% of hearts [ Figure 2] and from both right and left coronary arteries in 17% of hearts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most of the hearts, the atrioventricular nodal arterial supply is by right coronary artery [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interesting Observations on Sinoatrial Nodal Artery: A Clinical Perspective

Pare¹,

Kulkarni²,

Nayak³

2017

IJAR

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Introduction:The knowledge of anatomy of coronary arteries and their branches is a self-evident pre-requisite for better understanding of coronary artery disease or for more intelligent planning of surgery. The anatomy of sinoatrial node and its blood supply play an important role in the normal activity of the heart. The sinoatrial nodal artery has variations in origin, course and collaterals. The angle that the artery makes with its parent artery at its origin is clinically important as this angle interferes with the circulation and nourishment.

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“…The nerve cells, which constitute the juxtanodal ganglia (James, 1961b(James, , 196215,16) often seen near, and sometimes within SN, were cholinergic and showed intensive ChE reaction. Ehinger et al (1968) 9' studying the adrenergic neurons of the heart using the fluorescence technique of Falck and Hillarp stated that no adrenergic nerve cells were seen in any part of the heart.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and Electron Microscopic Studies on Cholinesterase of the Dog Heart

Oga

1971

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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Anatomy of the human sinus node

Cited by 232 publications

References 20 publications

Anatomical Variations in the Human Sinuatrial Nodal Artery

Anatomical Variations in the Human Sinuatrial Nodal Artery

Interesting Observations on Sinoatrial Nodal Artery: A Clinical Perspective

Light and Electron Microscopic Studies on Cholinesterase of the Dog Heart

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