Anchor selection by geometric dilution of precision for an indoor positioning system using ultra‐wide band technology

Abstract

In wireless localization systems, the performance enhancement of location estimation is an important goal. In recent years, different positioning systems using an ultra‐wide band (UWB) technology have been created, and always an evaluation metric to test such systems is needed for ensuring a suitable system for a specified application. Also, a non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) identification and mitigation method is needed usually when utilizing the UWB technology. The mean‐square‐error (MSE) and geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) evaluation metrics are widely implemented as standard for choosing a perfect system. In a harsh environment, a novel algorithm of indoor positioning (IP) system is presented using the UWB technology without implementing any NLOS identification and mitigation technique and the localization accuracy is evaluated online. The UWB is used to communicate a mobile station (M) with n anchor nodes distributed randomly and clustered by utilizing a combination method to create different groups, and then a conventional linearized least square (LLS) method is utilized by each group for locating M. A weighted GDOP metric is implemented online to assess the positioning accuracy of each group. Then, the group having the lowest positioning error among other groups is selected to relocate M using a proposed LLS, named modified LLS, for the selected group to enhance the positioning accuracy. The created system outperforms different IP systems in the market for the last decade in terms of time, complexity, and accuracy. The created IP system has a positioning error around 25 cm2 of MSE in a hard environment, which is less than those of different IP systems created recently in the market.

Indoor Positioning Based Ranging: A Review and Literature Survey of UWB and Li-Fi Technologies

“…This acquired result is far from typical, especially with UWB technology. [96] UWB --------------------√ LOS Only simulation is implemented in this approach in a test area over (15m×15m). The issue with this approach is that it is a complex metric in terms of matrix operation and needs a significant time to install.…”

Study on the Deployment of Ultra-Wideband Positioning Base Stations in Pig Farms

“…Albaidhani proposed a novel positioning algorithm specifically tailored for indoor applications, which was evaluated using mean-square error (MSE) and dilution of precision (DOP) as criteria to optimize base station placement and improve positioning accuracy [20]. In one study, the accuracy factor was calculated and simulated under different numbers of pseudo-satellites, and the optimal observation matrix was determined by eigenvalue analysis, with a four-satellite layout identified as optimal [21].…”

Study on the Deployment of Ultra-Wideband Positioning Base Stations in Pig Farms

“…Guo Y found that even if the ranging error is small, the localisation error is large in a narrow space, thus a localisation algorithm combining Kalman filtering (KF) and precision factor (DOP) is proposed to improve the accuracy and stability of localisation in a narrow space [13]. Albaidhani A proposed a positioning algorithm suitable for indoor use and tested the UWB positioning system under this algorithm using the values of the mean square error (MSE) and the factor of precision (DOP) to select the optimal base station placement and improve the positioning accuracy [14].The study by calculating and simulating the positioning accuracy factor under different numbers of pseudo-satellites, the optimal observation matrix was calculated using matrix eigenvalue analysis, and the four-satellite layout was calculated as the optimal observation matrix [15]. Taking different types of accuracy factors as the theoretical basis, he proposed the establishment of a four-dimensional model with altitude angle, azimuth angle and observation time as independent variables and relative accuracy factor as dependent variable to improve the accuracy of positioning and provide a guarantee for the optimal deployment of satellites [16].…”