Anchoring the quantification of VX and Russian VX using portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and focusing agents

Kelly, John T.; Qualley, Anthony; Hughes, Geoffrey T.; Arroyo, Jacqueline W.; Malloy, Thomas A.; Piatkowski, Tedeusz; Russell, Morgan L.; Lewis, Douglas; Rubenstein, Herbert

doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2021.116659

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In recent years, miniature ion trap mass spectrometry has garnered significant attention owing to its compact form factor, elevated operational pressure, and user-friendly attributes. It has been increasingly deployed in various domains, encompassing applications in food safety, − clinical point-of-care diagnostics, − and public safety, − aligning with the burgeoning trend of on-site testing. The coupling of techniques such as ambient ionization sources and atmospheric interfaces − has markedly augmented the practicality of ion trap mass spectrometers for on-site analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SAM–SFM: High-Efficiency and High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Enabled by Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation of Multiple Sinusoidal Frequency-Modulated Waveforms

Li,

Sun,

Yan

et al. 2024

Anal. Chem.

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In miniature ion trap mass spectrometry, achieving a balance between isolation resolution and efficiency is a formidable challenge. The presence of absorption curves causes target ions to inadvertently absorb energy from AC signal components near their resonant frequencies. To mitigate this issue, SAM−SFM waveforms introduce a parameter known as the decreasing factor. Unlike SWIFT waveforms, SAM−SFM's spectral profile intentionally departs from a rectangular window, adopting an arch-shaped excitation window to minimize the impact on target ions and improve ion isolation efficiency. SAM−SFM waveforms have the advantage of low computational complexity, enabling real-time computation using an embedded FPGA technology. Regardless of any parameter changes, the FPGA can consistently guarantee waveform output within 1 μs. This not only enhances throughput but also eliminates the need for a PC in miniature mass spectrometry devices. The performance of SAM−SFM has been validated on an improved "Brick" miniature ion trap mass spectrometer. Comparative experiments with SWIFT waveforms confirm the lossless unit-mass isolation capabilities of SAM−SFM. This waveform has the capability to simultaneously isolate multiple target ions, even allowing for the lossless isolation of ions with lower abundance within isotopic clusters, albeit at the cost of requiring extended isolation durations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SAM–SFM: High-Efficiency and High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Enabled by Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation of Multiple Sinusoidal Frequency-Modulated Waveforms

Li,

Sun,

Yan

et al. 2024

Anal. Chem.

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“…Human skin contact or the inhalation of VX can cause poisoning, and a lethal dose of VX can cause a person to stop breathing and die within minutes [15]. Currently, VX detection methods mainly consist of chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry [16,17], which can be employed for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of samples and have extremely high sensitivity. However, these methods usually require sophisticated and expensive instruments, and the operations are complicated and timeconsuming; therefore, they are not appropriate for the on-site rapid detection of targets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Colorimetric Characteristics of VX in Squaraine-Based Solutions

Du¹,

Geng²,

Cao³

et al. 2023

Chemosensors

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Colorimetry is an important on-site detection method for organophosphorus compounds. O-Ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioate (VX) is recognized as one of the deadliest organophosphorus chemical agents, and the rapid on-site detection of VX is of great significance to public safety. In this paper, a squaraine derivative was synthesized as probe molecules, and the sensing characteristics of VX in a colorimetric solution system containing tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TABF) were studied with UV−Vis spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and mass spectrometry. The results showed that the binding of the thiol moiety of VX to the quaternary ring of the squaraine probe changed the molecular conjugation system, and that the rapid colorimetric detection of micro-trace VX was achieved based on color change before and after interaction with squaraine, enabling the detection limit of VX to be as low as 0.4 μg/mL. Moreover, the colorimetry method also possessed satisfactory sensitivity and could detect VX from other organophosphorus pesticides (e.g., parathion and dichlorvos), phosphorus-containing reagents (e.g., diethyl chlorophosphate and dimethyl methylphosphonate), a benzene series (e.g., toluene), and acid and base agents (e.g., acetic acid and triethylamine, respectively), which demonstrated that squaraine-based colorimetry could provide fast, on-site measurement results for VX detection. The strategy of this research could be extended as a common approach for the detection of other organophosphorus nerve agents or organophosphorus pesticides.

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A review on state-of-the-art detection techniques for micro- and nano-plastics with prospective use in point-of-site detection

Bibi

Can

Pant

et al. 2023

Smartphones for Chemical Analysis: From Proof-of-Concept to Analytical Applications

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Anchoring the quantification of VX and Russian VX using portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and focusing agents

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

SAM–SFM: High-Efficiency and High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Enabled by Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation of Multiple Sinusoidal Frequency-Modulated Waveforms

SAM–SFM: High-Efficiency and High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Enabled by Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation of Multiple Sinusoidal Frequency-Modulated Waveforms

Investigation of the Colorimetric Characteristics of VX in Squaraine-Based Solutions

A review on state-of-the-art detection techniques for micro- and nano-plastics with prospective use in point-of-site detection

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