Ancient oak's youthful genome surprises biologists

Ledford, Heidi

doi:10.1038/546460a

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Two additional leaf positions were assayed for these mutations using polymerase chain reaction in order to provide a picture of the overall distribution of the 17 originally detected mutations in the crown. Insertiondeletion events were not examined in the study, and for this reason there have been concerns that the informatics pipeline used to screen for mutations was overly conservative (Ledford 2017). Another reason for concern is that only two positions were investigated fully for polymorphism by WGS.…”

Section: Whole-genome Sequencing-based Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic Mutation and Evolution in Plants

Schoen

Schultz

2019

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

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Somatic mutations are common in plants, and they may accumulate and be passed on to gametes. The determinants of somatic mutation accumulation include the intraorganismal selective effect of mutations, the number of cell divisions that separate the zygote from the formation of gametes, and shoot apical meristem structure and branching. Somatic mutations can promote the evolution of diploidy, polyploidy, sexual recombination, outcrossing, clonality, and separate sexes, and they may contribute genetic variability in many other traits. The amplification of beneficial mutations via intraorganismal selection may relax selection to reduce the genomic mutation rate or to protect the germline in plants. The total rate of somatic mutation, the distribution of selective effects and fates in the plant body, and the degree to which the germline is sheltered from somatic mutations are still poorly understood. Our knowledge can be improved through empirical estimates of mutation rates and effects on cell lineages and whole organisms, such as estimates of the reduction in fitness of progeny produced by within- versus between-flower crosses on the same plant, mutation coalescent studies within the canopy, and incorporation of somatic mutation into theoretical models of plant evolutionary genetics.

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Section: Whole-genome Sequencing-based Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic Mutation and Evolution in Plants

Schoen

Schultz

2019

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

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“…This stability of genomes and epigenomes is one of the bases of the evolution and differentiation of species. Thus, only a meagre number of mutations can accumulate, as observed for the Napoléon oak, which is not an isolated case when considering multi-millennia trees and natural clones (Kuhlemeier, 2017;Ledford, 2017;Orr et al, 2020;Schmid-Siegert et al, 2017). The biotic and abiotic stress-induced mutations and epimutations are transmissible and distinguishable from the spontaneous ones (Ashapkin et al, 2016;Bednarek and Orłowska, 2020;Hahn and Nekrasov, 2019;He and Li, 2018;Kellenberger et al, 2018;Perrone and Martinelli, 2020;Quadrana and Colot, 2016;Rath, 2018;Shahryary et al, 2020).…”

Section: Genome Stability and Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The molecular traces left in progeny define and identify histotypes, cell stratifications and lineages (Benítez et al, 2018;Bertheau, 2019;Burian et al, 2016;Ledford, 2017;McKenna et al, 2016;Scheres, 2001;Zhou et al, 2020). Several tissue markers are thus able to trace the history of cells across generations.…”

Section: Distinguishing Natural and Non-natural Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in identifying GM plants: toward the routine detection of ‘hidden’ and ‘new’ GMOs

Bertheau¹

2021

Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science

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In 2018 the Court of Justice of the European Union recalled that organisms with genomes modified by artifactual techniques should be considered GMOs under European regulations. GMOs derived from cultures of cells isolated in vitro or from new genomic techniques must therefore be traceable. This chapter reviews the various technical steps and characteristics of those techniques causing genomic and epigenomic scars and signatures. These intentional and unintentional traces, some of which are already used for varietal identification, and are being standardized, can be used to identify these GMOs and differentiate them from natural mutants. The chapter suggests a routine procedure for operators and control laboratories to achieve this without additional costs.

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Do plants have a segregated germline?

Lanfear

2018

PLoS Biol

111

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For the last 100 years, it has been uncontroversial to state that the plant germline is set aside late in development, but there is surprisingly little evidence to support this view. In contrast, much evolutionary theory and several recent empirical studies seem to suggest the opposite—that the germlines of some and perhaps most plants may be set aside early in development. But is this really the case? How much does it matter? How can we reconcile the new evidence with existing knowledge of plant development? And is there a way to reliably establish the timing of germline segregation in both model and nonmodel plants? Answering these questions is vital to understanding one of the most fundamental aspects of plant development and evolution.

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Ancient oak's youthful genome surprises biologists

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Somatic Mutation and Evolution in Plants

Somatic Mutation and Evolution in Plants

Advances in identifying GM plants: toward the routine detection of ‘hidden’ and ‘new’ GMOs

Do plants have a segregated germline?

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