Ancient origins of arthropod moulting pathway components

Oliveira, André Luiz de; Calcino, Andrew; Wanninger, Andreas

doi:10.7554/elife.46113

Cited by 43 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(147 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To date, very little is known about factors that regulate cnidarian life cycles 46 . In a recent study, genes encoding the neuropeptides eclosion hormone and bursicon, both formerly thought specific to insects, with eclosion hormone involved in ecdysone-regulated timing of moulting and bursicon involved in insect wing expansion during adult emergence, were found in cnidarian genomes 47 . This raises the possibility that other hormonal systems controlling insect metamorphosis could also be conserved in cnidarians.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jellyfish genomes reveal distinct homeobox gene clusters and conservation of small RNA processing

Nong

Cao

et al. 2020

Nat Commun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The phylum Cnidaria represents a close outgroup to Bilateria and includes familiar animals including sea anemones, corals, hydroids, and jellyfish. Here we report genome sequencing and assembly for true jellyfish Sanderia malayensis and Rhopilema esculentum. The homeobox gene clusters are characterised by interdigitation of Hox, NK, and Hox-like genes revealing an alternate pathway of ANTP class gene dispersal and an intact three gene ParaHox cluster. The mitochondrial genomes are linear but, unlike in Hydra, we do not detect nuclear copies, suggesting that linear plastid genomes are not necessarily prone to integration. Genes for sesquiterpenoid hormone production, typical for arthropods, are also now found in cnidarians. Somatic and germline cells both express piwi-interacting RNAs in jellyfish revealing a conserved cnidarian feature, and evidence for tissue-specific microRNA arm switching as found in Bilateria is detected. Jellyfish genomes reveal a mosaic of conserved and divergent genomic characters evolved from a shared ancestral genetic architecture.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jellyfish genomes reveal distinct homeobox gene clusters and conservation of small RNA processing

Nong

Cao

et al. 2020

Nat Commun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Using the TMHMM server, we predicted that both proteins contained seven TMs ( Figure 1A), similar to their partners from other insect species (Kim et al, 2015;de Oliveira et al, 2019). The gene structure of Ldethr was analyzed.…”

Section: Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Analysis Of Ldethrmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Insects are enclosed in a sclerotized exoskeleton. For a remarkable increase in size, the integument must be shed and replaced periodically during ecdysis, a precisely timed behavior sequence that is further separated into pre-ecdysis, ecdysis, and post-ecdysis (Krüger et al, 2015;de Oliveira et al, 2019). Each of these stages correlates with major behavioral, molecular, and cellular changes (Truman, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the endocrine level, ecdysis is initiated by a near-complete discharge of ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH) from Inka cells, fueled by an endocrine positive feedback with centrally produced eclosion hormone (EH;Ewer et al, 1997;Kingan et al, 1997). ETH directly targets neurons in the central nervous system that express its receptors ETHRA and ETHRB, two functionally distinct splice variants found in many insect species (Kim et al, 2006b;Arakane et al, 2008;Dai and Adams, 2009;Roller et al, 2010;Jiang et al, 2014;Shi et al, 2017) to regulate ecdysis behavior series and ecdysis-related physiological preparations (Clark, 2004;de Oliveira et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Two Splice Isoforms of Leptinotarsa Ecdysis Triggering Hormone Receptor Have Distinct Roles in Larva-Pupa Transition

Shen

et al. 2020

Front. Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Insect ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH) receptors (ETHRs) are rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors. Upon binding its ligand ETH, ETHR initiates a precisely programed ecdysis behavior series and physiological events. In Drosophila melanogaster, the ethr gene produces two functionally distinct splicing isoforms, ethra and ethrb. ETH/ETHRA activates eclosion hormone (EH), kinin, crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), and bursicon (burs and pburs) neurons, among others, in a rigid order, to elicit the behavioral sequences and physiological actions for ecdysis at all developmental stages, whereas ETH/ETHRB is required at both pupal and adult ecdysis. However, the role of ETHRB in regulation of molting has not been clarified in any non-drosophila insects. In the present paper, we found that 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling triggers the expression of both ethra and ethrb in a Coleopteran insect pest, the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. RNA interference (RNAi) was performed using double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting the common (dsethr) or isoform-specific (dsethra, dsethrb) regions of ethr. RNAi of dsethr, dsethra, or dsethrb by the final-instar larvae arrested larva development. The arrest was not rescued by feeding 20E. All the ethra depleted larvae stopped development at prepupae stage; the body cavity was expanded by a large amount of liquid. Comparably, more than 80% of the ethrb RNAi larvae developmentally halted at the prepupae stage. The remaining Ldethrb hypomorphs became pupae, with blackened wings and highly-expressed burs, pburs and four melanin biosynthesis genes. Therefore, ETHRA and ETHRB play isoform-specific roles in regulation of ecdysis during larva-pupa transition in L. decemlineata.

show abstract

“…There are approximately 30 proneuropeptide families and their receptors conserved across major bilaterian clades [24,26,27,38,79] . In contrast, few families trace back to the cnidarian-bilaterian common ancestor (RFamide, VWamide, PRXamide, insulin-like peptides, eclosion hormone (EH), bursicon, trunk [66,[80][81][82] ). These in general show a one-to-many relationship to bilaterian peptide and receptor families.…”

Section: F Origin Of Neurohaemal Organs and The End-ediacaran Neuropmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical brain hypothesis for the origin of nervous systems

Jékely¹

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In nervous systems, there are two modes of transmission for the propagation of activity between cells. Synaptic transmission relies on close contact at chemical or electrical synapses while volume transmission is mediated by diffusible chemical signals and does not require direct contact. It is possible to wire complex neuronal networks by both chemical and synaptic transmission. Both types of networks are ubiquitous in nervous systems, leading to the question which of the two appeared first in evolution. This paper explores a scenario where chemically organised cellular networks appeared before synapses in evolution; a possibility supported by the presence of complex peptidergic signalling in all animals except sponges. Small peptides are ideally suited to link up cells into chemical networks. They have unlimited diversity, high diffusivity and high copy numbers derived from repetitive precursors. But chemical signalling is diffusion limited and becomes inefficient in larger bodies. To overcome this, peptidergic cells may have developed projections and formed synaptically connected networks tiling body surfaces and displaying synchronised activity with pulsatile peptide release. The advent of circulatory systems and neurohemal organs further reduced the constraint imposed on chemical signalling by diffusion. This could have contributed to the explosive radiation of peptidergic signalling systems in stem bilaterians. Neurosecretory centres in extant nervous systems are still predominantly chemically wired and coexist with the synaptic brain.

show abstract

Ancient origins of arthropod moulting pathway components

Cited by 43 publications

References 91 publications

Jellyfish genomes reveal distinct homeobox gene clusters and conservation of small RNA processing

Jellyfish genomes reveal distinct homeobox gene clusters and conservation of small RNA processing

Two Splice Isoforms of Leptinotarsa Ecdysis Triggering Hormone Receptor Have Distinct Roles in Larva-Pupa Transition

The chemical brain hypothesis for the origin of nervous systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About