“…Based on evidence of the influence of water temperatures and isotopic composition ( 18 O w related to salinity) on oxygen isotopic composition of biogenic carbonate ( 18 O shell ) (Urey, 1947;Epstein et al, 1953;Craig, 1965;Emiliani, 1966;Shackleton, 1967;O'Neil et al, 1969), 18 O shell values have been used to estimate past temperature and salinity parameters (Grossman and Ku, 1986;Ingram et al, 1996;Chauvaud et al, 2005;Schöne et al, 2005;Wanamaker et al, 2007). Carbon isotopic ratios of the shell ( 13 C shell ) are derived from the stable carbon isotope ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon ( 13 C DIC ) in seawater (Mook and Vogel, 1968;Mook, 1971;Killingley and Berger, 1979;Arthur et al, 1983), metabolic carbon (Klein et al, 1996;Geist et al, 2005;McConnaughey and Gillikin, 2008) or some combination of the two (Tanaka et al, 1986;McConnaughey et al, 1997;Dettman et al, 1999;Furla et al, 2000;Vander Putten et al, 2000;Lorrain et al, 2004;Gillikin et al, 2006;Chauvaud et al, 2011). Physiological parameters (e.g., growth rates, metabolism, ontogeny, food source variations) can complicate 13 C shell data interpretation due to their influence on biomineralization (Shackleton et al, 1973;Erez, 1978;Swart, 1983;Gonzalez and Lohmann, 1985;McConnaughey, 1989a, b;Owen et al, 2002a, b).…”