Androgen Flare after LHRH Initiation Is the Side Effect That Makes Most of the Beneficial Effect When It Coincides with Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Nasser, Nicola J.

doi:10.3390/cancers14081959

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…An effect comparable to chemical castration is achieved after 4 weeks. As a side effect, such synthetic hormones may often stimulate the growth of prostate cancer in men, and breast cancer in women during the first 2 weeks of therapy, thus compromising the efficacy of the treatment ( Nasser, 2022 ).…”

Section: Urea-based Anticancer Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea-based anticancer agents. Exploring 100-years of research with an eye to the future

et al. 2022

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Suramin was the first urea-based drug to be approved in clinic, and in the following century a number of milestone drugs based on this scaffold were developed. Indeed, urea soon became a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry for its capability to establish a peculiar network of drug−target interactions, for its physicochemical properties that are useful for tuning the druggability of the new chemical entities, and for its structural and synthetic versatility that opened the door to numerous drug design possibilities. In this review, we highlight the relevance of the urea moiety in the medicinal chemistry scenario of anticancer drugs with a special focus on the kinase inhibitors for which this scaffold represented and still represents a pivotal pharmacophoric feature. A general outlook on the approved drugs, recent patents, and current research in this field is herein provided, and the role of the urea moiety in the drug discovery process is discussed form a medicinal chemistry standpoint. We believe that the present review can benefit both academia and pharmaceutical companies’ medicinal chemists to prompt research towards new urea derivatives as anticancer agents.

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Section: Urea-based Anticancer Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea-based anticancer agents. Exploring 100-years of research with an eye to the future

et al. 2022

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“…It is important to note that elevated GnRH agonists after an initial testosterone surge results in inhibition of serum LH and T levels (Nasser, 2022), while GnRH antagonists do not cause testosterone surges, and testosterone levels reach castration levels early (Klotz et al, 2008).…”

Section: Surgical and Chemical Castration As Androgen Deprivation The...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgens, brain and androgen deprivation therapy in paraphilic disorders: A narrative review

2022

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Sexual delinquency is a global problem where those with paraphilic disorders, such as paedophiles, are more likely to commit and reoffend. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been suggested as a solution. The objective of this narrative review is to present current information on its risks, benefits and limitations as a treatment for paraphilias. The importance of testosterone in sexual function, the effect of its deficiency by age or by pharmacological treatment (anti‐androgens, GnRH agonists and GnRH antagonists) and the effect of testosterone replacement therapy will be reviewed. The relationship between androgens, brain, sexual behaviour and pathophysiology of paraphilic disorders will also be explored. ADT reduces sexual urges, but has adverse effects and, because its reversible nature, it does not ensure less recidivism. Likewise, the research quality of ADT drugs is limited and not enough to support their use. Child sex offenders, and not paraphilic subjects who have not committed assaults, show signs of elevated prenatal exposure to androgens and a higher methylation state of the androgen receptor gene. Sexual behaviour is regulated by subcortical (hypothalamus, brainstem and spinal cord) and cortical structures of the brain, in addition to brain circuits (dopaminergic, serotonergic). Those with paraphilic disorders show abnormalities at these levels that could relate to the risk of sexual offences. In conclusion, androgens represent a significant part of the pathophysiology of paraphilias and therefore, ADT seems promising. Nonetheless, more studies are needed to make definite conclusions about the efficacy of long‐term ADT in paraphilic patients.

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“…AAs are considered a unique group of synthetic compounds and have been used both as monotherapy and in combination with standard hormonal therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer [6] . They are used either with luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues or after LHRH agonist or LHRH antagonist therapy failure [7] . Anti‐androgens are classified as either steroidal anti‐androgens (SAAs) or non‐steroidal anti‐androgens (NSAAs) compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Electrochemical Systems for Detection of Anti‐Androgens in Water Bodies

et al. 2023

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Anti-androgens are a class of drugs that have been used successfully to treat prostate cancer for decades. However, most of these drugs are associated with several adverse effects, triggering widespread concern about the occupational exposure to these drugs, as well as the ecotoxicological risks to the aquatic ecosystem and the environment. This review unpacks the mechanistic pathways of anti-androgens in water, the risk on the aquatic ecosystem associated with the presence of antiandrogens in water, as well as human health risks in general. Anti-androgen detection and quantification methods are also covered, with electrochemical techniques being highlighted as the most reliable approach for the detection and quantification of anti-androgens in water. The focus of this review is on electrochemical sensors for the determination of anti-androgens in water as they allow rapid sample analysis, with high sensitivity, good precision, and at low cost. Progress made in developing nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors for the detection and quantification of anti-androgens in water is reviewed in this paper. The metal oxide-based electrochemical sensor is discussed in greater depth in this review as a viable approach for detecting and quantifying anti-androgens in water.

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Androgen Flare after LHRH Initiation Is the Side Effect That Makes Most of the Beneficial Effect When It Coincides with Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Cited by 3 publications

References 82 publications

Urea-based anticancer agents. Exploring 100-years of research with an eye to the future

Urea-based anticancer agents. Exploring 100-years of research with an eye to the future

Androgens, brain and androgen deprivation therapy in paraphilic disorders: A narrative review

Advances in Electrochemical Systems for Detection of Anti‐Androgens in Water Bodies

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