Androgen is responsible for enhanced susceptibility of melatonin against traumatic brain injury in females

Li, Shanshan; Xie, Lingling; Li, Zhuangzhuang; Fan, Yong-Jian; Qi, Man-Man; Xi, Yanguo

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135842

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…One study has suggested that compared to the female rats, melatonin exhibited more significant neuroprotective effects (including improved locomotor and exploratory activities, elevated neuronal amount, and reduced neuronal apoptosis) in male rats exposed to TBI. 87 Conclusively, the overall findings suggest that melatonin may reduce brain injury-induced neurodegeneration by regulating oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, autophagy, and apoptotic cell death. The exact mechanisms behind the neuroprotective effects of melatonin are still not clear as mentioned previously, more efforts should be focused on unveiling the neuroprotective effects of melatonin.…”

Section: Future Considerations Research Gap and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Melatonin as a Potential Regulator of Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms and Implications for the Management of Brain Injury-Induced Neurodegeneration

Ikram¹,

Park²,

Ali³

et al. 2021

JIR

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This review covers the preclinical and clinical literature supporting the role of melatonin in the management of brain injury-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration, and reviews the past and current therapeutic strategies. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a neurodegenerative condition, unpredictably and potentially progressing into chronic neurodegeneration, with permanent cognitive, neurologic, and motor dysfunction, having no standard therapies. Due to its complex and multi-faceted nature, the TBI has highly heterogeneous pathophysiology, characterized by the highest mortality and disability worldwide. Mounting evidence suggests that the TBI induces oxidative and nitrosative stress, which is involved in the progression of chronic and acute neurodegenerative diseases. Defenses against such conditions are mostly dependent on the usage of antioxidant compounds, the majority of whom are ingested as nutraceuticals or as dietary supplements. A large amount of literature is available regarding the efficacy of antioxidant compounds to counteract the TBI-associated damage in animal and cellular models of the TBI and several clinical studies. Collectively, the studies have suggested that TBI induces oxidative stress, by suppressing the endogenous antioxidant system, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) increasing the lipid peroxidation and elevation of oxidative damage. Moreover, elevated oxidative stress may induce neuroinflammation by activating the microglial cells, releasing and activating the inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators, and energy dyshomeostasis. Thus, melatonin has shown regulatory effects against the TBI-induced autophagic dysfunction, regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, such as ERK, activation of the NLRP-3 inflammasome, and release of the inflammatory cytokines. The collective findings strongly suggest that melatonin may regulate TBI-induced neurodegeneration, although further studies should be conducted to better facilitate future therapeutic windows.

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Section: Future Considerations Research Gap and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 93%