Androgen receptor expression is inversely correlated with pathologic tumor stage in bladder cancer

Boorjian, Stephen A.; Ugras, Stacy; Mongan, Nigel P.; Gudas, Lorraine J.; You, Xin; Tickoo, Satish K.; Scherr, Douglas S.

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2004.03.025

Cited by 176 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

141

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, data were available from five studies on AR expression and bladder cancer susceptibility (568 tumor cases vs. 523 normal controls), six studies on AR expression and tumor grade (387 low grade vs. 663 high grade cases), nine studies on AR expression and tumor stage (582 non-invasive vs. 712 invasive cases), five studies on AR expression and RFS (414 cases) and four studies on AR expression and PFS (319 cases). The essential information of the included studies was listed in Table I ( [8][9][10][11][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies by Tuygun et al (19) and Mashhadi et al (22) revealed that AR expression was much higher in bladder cancer tissues, compared with 0% positivity in normal tissues. However, data from studies by Boorjian et al (9), Miyamoto et al (21) and Izumi et al (26) demonstrated that the AR positive rate was lower in bladder cancer tissues than in normal bladder samples. The present meta-analysis with five studies and 1,091 samples demonstrated no significant association between AR expression and bladder cancer susceptibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Importantly, it has essential roles in malignancies of the prostate, bladder, kidney, lung, breast and liver (30)(31)(32). To date, aiming to investigate the possible role of AR in bladder cancer, various studies have defined AR expression patterns and functions in these patients' samples (8)(9)(10)(11). However, due to diversity in sample sizes, ethnicity, immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques, scoring systems and interventions, the results remain inconsistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the correlation between AR expression and its clinical significance remains controversial in patients with bladder cancer. Some evidence has indicated that AR expression is related to bladder cancer pathology grade, clinical stage or prognosis (8)(9)(10). While a multi-institutional study revealed no correlations (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Expression and clinical significance of androgen receptor in bladder cancer: A meta-analysis

Chen

Liu

et al. 2017

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that androgen receptor (AR) is a promising therapeutic target for bladder cancer. However, the relationship between AR expression and its clinical significance remains controversial. The present in-depth meta-analysis aimed to investigate the correlation between AR expression and clinicopathological features, as well as prognostic value in bladder cancer. A systematic search was performed from PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Embase and the Cochrane Central Search Library by January 2017. The correlation between AR expression and tumor stage, tumor grade, recurrence free survival and progression free survival for patients with bladder cancer was evaluated. A total of 12 relevant studies with 1,652 patient samples were included. AR expression positively correlated with low tumor grade [odds ratio (OR), 1.95; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.36-2.81], low tumor stage (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.02-4.16) and low recurrence rate [hazard ratio (HR), 0.48; 95% CI, 0.31-0.75] in Caucasian patients. While, its expression had no significant impact on cancer susceptibility (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, P= 0.44) and progression-free survival (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, P=0.77). The present meta-analysis indicated that AR expression correlates with tumor grade, clinical stage and recurrence rates in the specified population and classification system.Further studies are required to determine the precise role of AR in bladder cancer.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Expression and clinical significance of androgen receptor in bladder cancer: A meta-analysis

Chen

Liu

et al. 2017

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In general, AR expression appears comparable in men and women [85,86]. There is no clear relationship between AR expression and clinical outcomes, and gene expression profiling studies do not demonstrate a clear relationship between AR expression levels and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) subtype [86,90,91].…”

Section: Bladder Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

AR Signaling in Human Malignancies: Prostate Cancer and Beyond

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In the 1940s Charles Huggins reported remarkable palliative benefits following surgical castration in men with advanced prostate cancer, and since then the androgen receptor (AR) has remained the main therapeutic target in this disease. Over the past couple of decades, our understanding of AR-signaling biology has dramatically improved, and it has become apparent that the AR can modulate a number of other well-described oncogenic signaling pathways. Not surprisingly, mounting preclinical and epidemiologic data now supports a role for AR-signaling in promoting the growth and progression of several cancers other than prostate, and early phase clinical trials have documented preliminary signs of efficacy when AR-signaling inhibitors are used in several of these malignancies. In this article, we provide an overview of the evidence supporting the use of AR-directed therapies in prostate as well as other cancers, with an emphasis on the rationale for targeting AR-signaling across tumor types.Keywords: prostate cancer; breast cancer; bladder cancer; renal cell carcinoma; pancreatic cancer; ovarian cancer; hepatocellular cancer; ovarian cancer; endometrial cancer; androgen receptor Androgen Receptor BiologyAndrogens, or male sex hormones, have a wide range of functions, including promoting the development of male secondary sexual characteristics, stimulating erythropoiesis, increasing metabolic rate, increasing bone density and stimulating libido [1]. In men, androgens are produced predominately by the testes, while the sole source of androgens in women are the adrenal glands. Consequently, women have considerably lower androgen levels compared to men. The normal physiologic function of androgens is a result of stimulating the androgen receptor (AR).The AR is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family of transcription factors, which also includes the estrogen receptor (ER), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), progesterone receptor (PR) and others [2,3]. Like the other nuclear hormone receptors, transcription of AR target genes is induced by the receptor binding androgenic ligands. Canonical AR-signaling involves a well-described series of events, including: (1) AR binding to androgens; (2) dissociating from heat-shock proteins; (3) translocating to the nucleus and the formation of AR homodimers; (4) binding to androgen response elements (AREs) within the promoter region of AR target genes; (5) recruitment of coactivators; and (6) transcription of target genes [4].In addition to its normal physiologic role, prostatic adenocarcinomas remain dependent on AR-signaling even at later stages. Supporting the importance of AR to prostate cancer biology is the observation that AR target genes (e.g., PSA) are usually expressed even in men progressing on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), with AR pathway alterations commonly observed in late stage

show abstract

Sex differences in bladder cancer pathology and survival: analysis of a population‐based cancer registry

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sex differences in bladder cancer pathology and epidemiology have been the focus of recent research. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics and compared bladder cancer pathology and survival between men and women in Japan. A total of 13,184 patients with primary bladder cancer diagnosed from 1954 to 2010 were identified in a large-scale cancer registry database in Kanagawa Prefecture. Using this database, we compared the odds ratios (ORs) for nonurothelial carcinoma (non-UC) using a multiple logistic regression model adjusted for age and diagnosis periods. We also compared hazard ratios (HRs) for overall death and cancer-specific death using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for non-UC, age, and diagnosis period. The proportion of non-UC was significantly higher in female compared with male patients (OR = 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.81–2.52). Furthermore, survival was significantly poorer in female patients than in male patients after adjusting for UC or non-UC (HR for overall death = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06–1.23; HR for cancer-specific death = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.28–1.52). Sex differences exist in the epidemiological characteristics of bladder cancer in Japan, with female patients having less favorable pathology and poorer survival compared with male patients.

show abstract

Androgen receptor expression is inversely correlated with pathologic tumor stage in bladder cancer

Cited by 176 publications

References 19 publications

Expression and clinical significance of androgen receptor in bladder cancer: A meta-analysis

Expression and clinical significance of androgen receptor in bladder cancer: A meta-analysis

AR Signaling in Human Malignancies: Prostate Cancer and Beyond

Sex differences in bladder cancer pathology and survival: analysis of a population‐based cancer registry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About