Androgenesis in recalcitrant solanaceous crops

Abstract

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 2 Abstract Tomato, eggplant and pepper are three solanaceous crops of outstanding importance worldwide. Thus, a fast and cheap method to produce pure (homozygous) lines is a priority for breeders. Traditionally, pure lines are produced by classical inbreeding and selection techniques, which are time consuming (several years) and costly. Alternatively, it has become possible to accelerate the production of homozygous lines through a biotechnological approach: the induction of androgenesis to generate doubled haploid (homozygous) plants. This biotechnological in vitro tool reduces the process to only one generation, which implies important time and costs savings. These facts make androgenic doubled haploids the choice in a number of important crops where the methodology is well set up. Unfortunately, recalcitrant solanaceous crops such as tomato, eggplant and pepper are still far from an efficient and reliable technology to be applied to different genotypes in breeding programs on a routine basis. In eggplant and pepper, only anther cultures are known to work relatively well. Unfortunately, a more efficient and promising technique, the culture of isolated microspores, is not sufficiently developed yet. In tomato, none of these methods is available. However, recent advances in the knowledge of zygotic and androgenic embryo development are filling the gaps and opening new ways to achieve the final goal of an efficient protocol in these three recalcitrant species. In this review, we outline the state of the art on androgenic induction in tomato, eggplant and pepper, and postulate new experimental ways in order to overcome current limitations.

Microspore embryogenesis and production of haploid and doubled haploid plants in carrot (Daucus carota L.)

“…The benefits of various starvation and stress techniques have been reported in several plant species (Gu et al 2004;Zoriniants et al 2005;Dunwell 2010;Zhuang et al 2010;Bhowmik et al 2011;Chen et al 2011;Seguí-Simarro et al 2011;Takahira et al 2011;Winarto and Teixeira da Silva 2011). A 28-day treatment of spikes at 4°C was shown to lead to a much increased yield of microspore calli in cereals (Dunwell 2010).…”

Androgenesis: where males hijack eggs to clone themselves

“…Creation of inbred lines by repeated backcrossing or selfing is tedious, so induction of androgenesis and the production of doubled haploids can provide a welcomed shortcut [36].…”

Development of haploid embryos and plants of Lactuca sativa induced by distant pollination with Helianthus annuus and H. tuberosus

“…Androgenesis this is a method for obtaining haploids from in vitro cultures of anthers and isolated microspores; it has been used successfully in many species, such as Brassica napus (Cegielska-Taras 2004;Dubas et al 2014), Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Shtereva et al 1998), Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Radojevic et al 2000), Triticum aestivum L. (Kyung-Moon and Baenziger 2005) and in Solanaceae crops (Segui-Smiarro et al 2011). 5.…”