Androgens and Fetal Growth

Zegher, Francis de; François, Inge; Boehmer, Annemie L.M.; Saggese, Giuseppe; Müller, Jørn; Hiort, Olaf; Sultan, Charles; Clayton, Peter; Brauner, Raja; Cacciari, E; Ibáñez, Lourdes; Vliet, Guy Van; Tiulpakov, Anatoly; Saka, Nurçin; Ritzén, Martin; Sippell, Wolfgang G.; Group, A Androgens and Fetal Growth Study

doi:10.1159/000023284

Cited by 73 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The magnitude of the increase we found in the 2nd birthweight in the fresh/frozen pairs of siblings of +222 g is in accord with prior studies (+244 g 4 in an Australian population, +250 g 10 and +286 g 6 in Danish populations), and far exceeds the +81 g attributable only to an increase in parity. These analyses also confirm results from prior studies of the increasing risk of LGA with higher maternal parity and BMI [13,25,26]; the increased risk of SGA with early fetal losses [27]; and the lower birthweight, longer gestation, and lower risk of LGA in female versus male infants [28][29][30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Increased risk of large-for-gestational age birthweight in singleton siblings conceived with in vitro fertilization in frozen versus fresh cycles

Luke

Brown

Wantman³

et al. 2016

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Background Children born from fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles are at greater risk of being born smaller and earlier, even when limited to singletons; those born from frozen cycles have an increased risk of large-for-gestational age (LGA) birthweight (z-score ≥1.28). This analysis sought to overcome limitations in other studies by using pairs of siblings, and accounting for prior cycle outcomes, maternal characteristics, and embryo state and stage. LGAwas 9.2-9.8 and 14.2-15.4% in 1st and 2nd births in fresh cycles, and 13.1-15.8 and 20.8-21.0% in 1st and 2nd births in frozen cycles. The risk of LGAwas increased in frozen cycles (1st births, adjusted odds ratios (AOR) 1.74, 95% CI 1.45, 2.08; and in 2nd births when the 1st birth was not LGA, AOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.46, 1.98 for fresh/frozen and 1.40, 1.11, 1.78 for frozen/frozen). Conclusions Our results with siblings indicate that frozen embryo state is associated with an increased risk for LGA. The implications of these findings for childhood health and risk of obesity are unclear, and warrant further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Increased risk of large-for-gestational age birthweight in singleton siblings conceived with in vitro fertilization in frozen versus fresh cycles

Luke

Brown

Wantman³

et al. 2016

J Assist Reprod Genet

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“…The longitudinal follow-up revealed that this difference in body size tended to persist throughout infancy, as body weight and height were still significantly smaller than in controls at 3 years of age. It has previously been hypothesized that the gender dimorphism of birth weight and length was caused by fetal androgens (83,84). In our study, boys with severe forms of hypospadias had a birth weight and length similar to or even lower than girls from the same cohort (85), which is similar to another previous report (86).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Cryptorchidism and Hypospadiassupporting

confidence: 90%

Gonadal development and reproductive hormones in infant boys

Main¹,

Toppari²,

Skakkebæk³

2006

eur j endocrinol

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Background: The intrauterine milieu plays a crucial role for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in adulthood, but little is known about its impact on gonadal development and reproduction. Impaired testis development in fetal life can lead to cryptorchidism, hypospadias, impaired semen quality, and testicular cancer, disorders that may present symptoms of a testicular dysgenesis syndrome. The prevalence of these disorders appears to increase in many areas, probably due to environmental factors acting in utero. Denmark has a significantly higher incidence of testicular cancer and lower sperm quality than Finland. Methods: We conducted a population-based study of newborn boys from Denmark and Finland, in order to examine whether this geographic difference was reflected in the reproductive health of newborns. Results: Danish boys had a lower testis volume at birth, a smaller testis growth up to 18 months of age and lower serum inhibin B and FSH levels at 3 months than Finnish. Danish boys also had a higher prevalence of both cryptorchidism and hypospadias than Finnish boys. In boys with cryptorchidism and hypospadias subtle changes in hormonal levels occurred, towards increased gonadotropins and lower inhibin B in cryptorchidism. Both types of congenital malformations were more frequent in children born small for gestational age, indicative of a relationship between growth and reproductive development. Conclusions: These early postnatal findings suggest that the previously observed population differences in reproductive health between young Danish and Finnish men are of fetal origin. The differences may originate as a result of gene-environment interactions, where endocrine disrupters may also play a role.

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“…Zegher et al (1998), menemukan bahwa anak laki-laki lebih berat daripada anak perempuan pada saat kelahiran. Perbedaan berat lahir antara anak laki-laki dan anak perempuan dihasilkan oleh aksi androgen.Androgen merupakan elemen kunci untuk diferensiasi genetalia internal dan eksternal laki-laki, organ seksual lainnya dan komposisi tubuh secara umum yang bekerja melalui satu reseptor tunggal androgen (Hiort, 2013).…”

Section: Pengaruh Status Gizi (Lila Ibu)unclassified

Biopsychosocial and Economic Determinants of Low Birth Weight in Jambi, South Sumatera: Path Analysis

Trisnawati

Salimo²,

Murti

2017

J MATERN CHILD HEALTH

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Background: Low birthweight (LBW) is one of the main risk factors of neonatal mortality and morbidity. As such, it is an important public health issue particularly in developing countries. Worldwide, LBW shares around 15-20% of birth outcome. In Indonesia, LBW shares about 10.2% of birth outcome. In theory, the risk factors of LBW include not only biological aspect but also psychosocial and economic aspects. This study sought to estimate the biopsychosocial and economic determinants of LBW in Jambi, South Sumatera, using path analysis approach. Subjects and Method:This was an analytic observational study with case control design. The study was carried out at 20 community health centers in Jambi, South Sumatera, from December 2017 to January 2018. A total sample of 200 newborn infants consisting of 50 LBW and 150 normal birthweight newborn infants were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was birthweight. The independent variables were maternal age, maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), gestational age, infant sex, maternal gestational stress, maternal education, family income at gestational period, and sanitation. Data on birthweight and MUAC were taken from obstetric record. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis. Results: The risk of LBW was increased by female sex (b= 0.99; 95% CI= -0.12 to 2.12; p= 0.081), and high maternal stress (b= 2.35; 95% CI= 0.70 to 4.01; p= 0.005). The risk of LBW decreased with gestational age ≥37 weeks (b= -5.06; 95% CI= -6.49 to -3.62; p= 0.000), and good sanitation (b= -1.04; 95% CI= -2.13 to 0.05; p= 0.062). Gestational age increased with nutritional status (b= 1.91; 95% CI= 0.94 to 2.89; p<0.001), and family income (b= 1.50; 95% CI= 0.66 to 2.32; p=

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Androgens and Fetal Growth

Cited by 73 publications

References 2 publications

Increased risk of large-for-gestational age birthweight in singleton siblings conceived with in vitro fertilization in frozen versus fresh cycles

Increased risk of large-for-gestational age birthweight in singleton siblings conceived with in vitro fertilization in frozen versus fresh cycles

Gonadal development and reproductive hormones in infant boys

Biopsychosocial and Economic Determinants of Low Birth Weight in Jambi, South Sumatera: Path Analysis

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