Anemia and Heart Failure: A Narrative Review

Siddiqui, Shiza W; Ashok, Tejaswini; Patni, Nassar; Fatima, Mahejabeen; Lamis, Aselah; Anne, Krishna Kishore

doi:10.7759/cureus.27167

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This was confirmed by the analysis of anaemia prevalence in relation to NYHA class: the higher the NYHA class, the higher the prevalence in anaemia ( Figure 1 ). When considering studies that adopted the WHO definition for anaemia, its occurrence ranged from 13.5% to 45% in patients with CHF and from 20.6% to 46% in AHF [ 2 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaemia and Congestion in Heart Failure: Correlations and Prognostic Role

Scicchitano¹,

Iacoviello

Massari³

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anaemia and biomarkers of central/peripheral congestion in heart failure (HF) and the impact on mortality. We retrospectively evaluated 434 acute/chronic HF (AHF/CHF) patients. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin levels <12 g/dL (women) or <13 g/dL (men). The brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and hydration index (HI) were measured. The endpoint of the study was all-cause mortality. Anaemia occurred in 59% of patients with AHF and in 35% with CHF (p < 0.001) and showed a significant correlation with the NYHA functional class and renal function. BNP and HI were significantly higher in patients with anaemia than in those without anaemia. Independent predictors of anaemia included BNP, estimated creatinine clearance (eCrCL), and HI. The all-cause mortality rate was 21%, which was significantly higher in patients with anaemia than in those without anaemia (30% vs. 14%, p < 0.001; hazard ratio: 2.6). At multivariate Cox regression analysis, BNP, eCrCL, and HI were independent predictors for mortality (Hazard ratios: 1.0002, 0.97, and 1.05, respectively), while anaemia was not. Anaemia correlates with HF status, functional class, renal function, BNP, and HI. Anaemia was not an independent predictor for mortality, acting as a disease severity marker in congestive patients rather than as a predictor of death.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaemia and Congestion in Heart Failure: Correlations and Prognostic Role

Scicchitano¹,

Iacoviello

Massari³

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated a strong association between anemia and an increased risk of readmission in HF patients within 90 days [ 21 ]. Anemia is believed to exacerbate the symptoms of HF, leading to more frequent hospitalizations [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Readmission in Heart Failure Within 90 Days

S Alsulymani,

Ashram,

Alghamdi

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background: Hospital readmission rates among heart failure (HF) patients remain a persistent challenge. While various risk factors have been identified, their impact on individual patients varies, and not all patients with these risk factors will necessarily experience readmission within 90 days. This study aimed to identify and assess the significance of risk factors associated with readmission of HF patients within 90 days. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The sample size comprised 130 patients. Data was collected from hospital records of all HF patients readmitted within 90 days of discharge between 2018 and 2022. Results: The study included 130 patients. The majority (70%) were between 51 and 70 years old. Most patients had a hospital stay ranging from 1 to 10 days (83.1%). Shortness of breath (SOB) was the most common reason for readmission, accounting for 80% of cases. Other reasons included chest pain (CP) (6.2%), orthopnea (13.1%), paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) (5.4%), lower limb edema (LLE) issues (1.5%), and heart failure (HF) itself (2.3%). Less common reasons included fever (1.5%), pneumonia (1.5%), altered level of consciousness (1.5%), and urinary tract infection (1.5%). Conclusion: Readmission rates for HF patients remain high, attributed to factors such as non-adherence to medication and lifestyle changes, comorbidities, inadequate discharge planning, and social determinants of health. Males may be more prone to experiencing SOB and subsequently requiring readmission at a higher rate. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive interventions that address these risk factors to minimize readmission rates and improve patient outcomes.

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“…Overall about 25% of those with CKD develop anemia and by the time end-stage disease supervenes at least 75% are affected [428][429][430]. The prevalence of anemia in HF ranges from about 10% to 70% which is also stage-dependent [431]. In both cases anemia is associated with diminished quality of life, progression of disease, increased hospitalization rates, and higher mortality.…”

Section: Omnia Incipit In Sanguinementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Dynamics in Chronic Heart Failure, Chronic Kidney Disease & the Cardiorenal Syndrome: A New Causal Paradigm

Thorp¹,

Thorp²,

Northrup³

et al. 2023

G Med Sci

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In this paper we examine HF and CKD through the lens of a new causal paradigm: as a conjoined energy deficiency syndrome whose progression is governed by impaired energy generation by the cardiovascular system leading to subsequent deterioration of blood energy dynamics. Due to the immense complexity of this topic our intention is not to go into unnecessary and laborious detail on specific cellular and molecular aspects of the syndromes but, instead, to use illustrative examples to establish overarching principles and to highlight the connection between the deteriorating energy field and all resultant aberrations. Indeed, once the energy dynamics are recognized cellular and molecular descriptions become superfluous. Our use of the term 'causal' is meant to imply that future breakthroughs in the treatment (and potential reversal) of these complex disease states necessarily entails recognition and correction of underlying energy deficits.

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Anemia and Heart Failure: A Narrative Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 54 publications

Anaemia and Congestion in Heart Failure: Correlations and Prognostic Role

Anaemia and Congestion in Heart Failure: Correlations and Prognostic Role

Risk Factors for Readmission in Heart Failure Within 90 Days

Energy Dynamics in Chronic Heart Failure, Chronic Kidney Disease & the Cardiorenal Syndrome: A New Causal Paradigm

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