“…These include carbon monoxide poisoning (Kesner, Ramaiah, Hemmer, & Koht, 2012; Uyanık, Arslan, Akay, Erçelik, & Tez, 2011), accidental fires (Voyes, 2010), infectious disease (Meleigy, 2007; Munckhof, Konstantinos, Wamsley, Mortlock, & Gilpin, 2003), cancer (Akl, Gaddam, Gunukula, Honeine, Abou-Jaoude & Irnai, 2010; Maziak, 2013), respiratory disease (Akl et al, 2010; Raad, Gaddam, Schunemann, Irani, Abou, Honeine et al, 2011), heart disease (Jabbour, El-Roueiheb, & Sibai, 2003), and other tobacco-related illnesses (Akl et al, 2010). In addition, a recent study found that second-hand exposure to hookah vapors in children living in homes of hookah smokers was associated with uptake of nicotine and nicotine associated carcinogens, and the ciliatoxic and cardiotoxic agent acrolein (Kassem, Daffa, Liles, Jackson, et al, 2014).…”