Angiogenesis in bladder cancer—prognostic marker and target for future therapy

Streeter, E.; Harris, Adrian L.

doi:10.1016/s0960-7404(02)00013-0

Cited by 56 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…73 Elevated expression of VEGF in human tumor biopsies, as well as the rise of VEGF levels in urine or serum, were reported to be independent prognostic and predictive factors of recurrence and disease progression in patients with urothelial cancer. 62,68,[74][75] TGFa, the likely ligand for EGFR in bladder tumors, expression was gradually increased during tumorous progression of the urothelium from reactive atypia to invasive carcinoma of the bladder. [76][77] The expression of EGFR and TGFα is closely correlated, and their coexpression correlates tumor stage in human bladder tumor biopsies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of retinoic acid treatment in bladder cancer: Impact on recurrence, survival and TGFα and VEGF as end-point biomarkers.

Hameed

2008

Cancer Biology & Therapy

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Introduction and aims: Being best-studied superficial bladder cancer (SBC) chemopreventives, retinoids' negative studies and toxicity were stumbling. With proper understanding of retinoid metabolism, we aimed at investigating combined ketoconazole (a strong inhibitor of retinoic acid-catabolizing cytochrome P450s) all-trans retinoic acid (Keto-atRA) SBC treatment. VEGF and TGFα levels are end-point pathogenetic biomarkers involved in early SBC.Results: Keto-atRA treatment significantly improved survival time and decreased recurrence rate compared to control disease group, with tolerable and reversible side-effects. Treatment normalized induced levels of VEGF and TGFα with a positive correlation between these cytokines.Material and methods: Seven days after TURT visible tumor(s), combined atRA 1 mg/kg for five days a week + Keto 200 mg twice daily for five days a week for three months were given to 16 patients with SBC stages Ta and T1 with various grades. Three months follow up/20 months used white light cystoscopy and urinary cytology. Recurrence rate and survival time were compared to a retrospective group of 25 patients of comparable age, stage and grade with TURT as sole treatment for SBC. VEGF and TGFα were measured in urine and serum of 12 normal subjects and treated patients. Samples were collected just before TURT, one week after TURT, at the end of one month and at the end of three months of treatment.Conclusions: The combination and schedule used for KetoatRA therapy effectively reduced recurrence rate and increased survival time of SBC patients probably through reduction of VEGF and TGFα as major mitogenic/angiogenic factors; possibly by eliminating malignant cells that produce them.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of retinoic acid treatment in bladder cancer: Impact on recurrence, survival and TGFα and VEGF as end-point biomarkers.

Hameed

2008

Cancer Biology & Therapy

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“…54 In contrast, studies examining the relationship between overall VEGF expression and tumor progression and long-term patient survival have yielded conflicting results. 55 It has been postulated that differences in the results obtained by different groups reflect, at least in part, the involvement of various post-transcriptional regulatory processes in the control of VEGF expression, resulting in poor agreement between studies in which RNA-and protein-based approaches were used to relate the production of VEGF to clinical outcome. 53,55,56 Although often thought of as endothelial cell-specific, the VEGFRs Flt-1 and Flk-1 are expressed and functional on a number of non-endothelial cell types including retinal pigment epithelial cells, 57 Schwann cells, 57 pancreatic ductal epithelial cells, 58,59 renal mesangial cells 60,61 and certain subsets of both primitive and more mature hematopoietic cell types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…55 It has been postulated that differences in the results obtained by different groups reflect, at least in part, the involvement of various post-transcriptional regulatory processes in the control of VEGF expression, resulting in poor agreement between studies in which RNA-and protein-based approaches were used to relate the production of VEGF to clinical outcome. 53,55,56 Although often thought of as endothelial cell-specific, the VEGFRs Flt-1 and Flk-1 are expressed and functional on a number of non-endothelial cell types including retinal pigment epithelial cells, 57 Schwann cells, 57 pancreatic ductal epithelial cells, 58,59 renal mesangial cells 60,61 and certain subsets of both primitive and more mature hematopoietic cell types. [62][63][64] Aberrant VEGFR expression has also been noted on a number of malignant cell types and is a common feature in melanoma, 65 mesothelioma, 66 leukemia, 67 breast cancer 68,69 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting the tumor microenvironment in the development of targeted cancer gene therapy

Dougherty

2008

Cancer Gene Ther

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“…Angiogenesis inhibition has emerged as an attractive strategy in urothelial carcinoma, where VEGF expression has been linked to tumor progression and prognosis (52).…”

Section: Anti-vegf Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

New Directions for Biologic Targets in Urothelial Carcinoma

Richter

Sridhar

2012

Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

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Urothelial carcinoma remains an important oncologic problem with significant morbidity and mortality. This article provides an overview of the current status of treatment of urothelial carcinoma, with an update on current trials and recent American Society of Clinical Oncology abstracts. As an alternative to focusing on the metastatic setting, we take a broad look at drug development to date, as it spans from early disease to advanced disease in the context of emerging molecular data. This approach allows us to show that each stage involves key considerations based on emerging evidence regarding molecular biology, stage-specific novel endpoints, and rational patient selection that may help further trial designs in the future. Key issues, such as neoadjuvant versus adjuvant perioperative chemotherapy, approaches to salvage second-line therapy in the metastatic setting, and treatment of elderly and cisplatin-ineligible patients, are discussed. New paradigms in clinical research, including novel endpoints, upfront rational patient selection, biomarkers, and trial design, are also addressed. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(6); 1226-35. Ó2012 AACR.

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Angiogenesis in bladder cancer—prognostic marker and target for future therapy

Cited by 56 publications

References 92 publications

The effectiveness of retinoic acid treatment in bladder cancer: Impact on recurrence, survival and TGFα and VEGF as end-point biomarkers.

The effectiveness of retinoic acid treatment in bladder cancer: Impact on recurrence, survival and TGFα and VEGF as end-point biomarkers.

Exploiting the tumor microenvironment in the development of targeted cancer gene therapy

New Directions for Biologic Targets in Urothelial Carcinoma

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