Angiosarcoma of the thyroid gland: a case report

Abstract

Angiosarcoma of the thyroid is a rare and aggressive primary malignant tumor of the thyroid: It rarely occurs in that organ and most of these occur mainly in patients from the mountainous Alpine regions.We report a case of 68 years old female who presented at our hospital with a rapidly enlarging neck mass associated with compressive symptoms. On clinical examination, the thyroid gland appeared firm during the acts of deglutition. The results of thyroid function tests were for subclinical hyperthyroidism. Ultrasound examination and CT scan showed multinodular goitre with a suspicious nodule from the right thyroid lobe. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid was suggestive of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. A total thyroidectomy was performed. Grossly, the right lobe and left lobe measured 8×7×4 cm, and 8×8×7 cm. Macroscopically the cut surface showed a bulging solid hemorrhagic dark red mass, measuring 4.8×3.2×2.5 cm, at the lower pole of the right lobe. The immunohistochemistry showed CD31 and CD34 positivity and thyroglobulin, calcitonin, and TTF-1 negativity indicating an angiosarcoma. The patients died within 2 months following up from pulmonary hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONThis case illustrates that Thyroid angiosarcoma is a distinct entity and should be considered and included as a differential diagnosis of poorly differentiated thyroid neoplasm's also outside the mountainous Alpine regions.

Urban mix in housing neighbourhoods: challenges, evaluation method and diagnosis of Ayouf in Jijel, Algeria

“…), as opposed to urban zoning. The aim is to encourage exchanges between urban functions on the scale of the project (PUCA, 2013). This theme is mobilized for:…”

“…In fact, on the scale of a built complex, the functional mix can be calculated more precisely through this equation: relating the number of amenities and businesses to the number of housing or inhabitants, this coefficient (functional mix coefficient) marks the degree of diversity is related to density (Ruzicka-Rossier and Von Der Mühll, 2003): We designate by Social mix the objective of a social policy aimed, through the elaboration of housing programs in particular, at bringing together different social classes within the same urban unit (Bacque, 2008).…”