Angle-stable inverted top-emitting white organic light-emitting devices based on gradient-doping electron injection interlayer

High-performance inverted organic light-emitting diodes with extremely low efficiency roll-off using solution-processed ZnS quantum dots as the electron injection layer

“…9,10 Moreover, inverted OLED structures have several advantages over normal architecture OLEDs. 11,12 For example, the device lifetime can be largely enhanced because water-and oxygen-sensitive electron injection materials can be kept beneath the organic and metal layers. Nevertheless, there are still some problems for developing high performance inverted OLEDs such as low efficiency and high operating voltage.…”

“…Nevertheless, there are still some problems for developing high performance inverted OLEDs such as low efficiency and high operating voltage. [13][14][15] One major issue in inverted OLEDs is electron injection from the conducting bottom cathode to the organic semiconductors because of the high energy barrier between the bottom cathode and organic layers. Thus, electron injection layers (EILs) play an important role in the inverted OLEDs.…”

Color-Tunable, Spectra-Stable Flexible White Top-Emitting Organic Light-Emitting Devices Based on Alternating Current Driven and Dual-Microcavity Technology

“…Therefore, even though white emission is easily realized in BOLEDs, TOLEDs with white emission are still hardly found in the reported papers due to the single resonant cavity. As a result, although monochromatic top-emitting OLEDs, quantum-dot, light-emitting devices, and perovskite light-emitting devices have been widely studied, − ,− only several white top-emitting OLEDs can be found in the reported papers. ,− …”

“…To solve this problem, the common method is increasing the transmittance of the top electrode to suppress the microcavity effect so that the redistribution of spectra caused by the microcavity effect would be weakened and the spectra would be more stable, ,− but the transmittance of the top electrode is strongly limited by the intrinsic properties of metal materials, and the efficiency of TOLEDs would be lower since it cannot take the advantage of the microcavity effect in improving device performances. For white emission, a multiple microcavities structure should be a solution to utilize the microcavity effect.…”