Angola’s 2017 Elections and the start of a Post-Dos Santos Era

Abstract

For the first time in the history of its multiparty democracy, Angola held general elections in August 2017 without President José Eduardo dos Santos on the ballot paper. In 2016 dos Santos decided not to run again for the presidency but he remained the party chair. Instead, João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço was nominated to replace dos Santos as the MPLA candidate. The departure of dos Santos raised expectations that there would be political change in the country. However, this did not happen because the MPLA won a qualified majority in the National Assembly despite their decreased support compared to the results of the 2012 general elections. Though the 2017 elections were considered to have been well prepared and executed, the outcome was challenged by the opposition on the grounds of irregularities in voter registration, the accreditation of party agents, and problems in both counting and announcing the results. The change of leader raised a number of questions regarding the implications of a double centre of power in the MPLA and presidency. How João Lourenço will manage the question of the factions created by his rise to power is a matter of concern, together with whether he will be able to end the hegemony and economic power of dos Santos and his allies. He will also have to deal with the ongoing economic crisis and boost declining public trust in the MPLA. By addressing some of these issues this article provides an important contribution to understanding the electoral processes in Angola.

Electoral Politics and Political Transition in Post-War Angola: Progress, Problems

“…These outstanding results mean that the ruling party has successively won 191, 175 and 150 seats in a 220-seat parliament, investing it with a supermajority that allows the party to govern alone and implement any structural reform uncontested, including changing the country's constitution. In contrast, opposition parties as a whole have gained a mere 18.4, 28.2 and 38.9 percent of the votes in the 2008, 2012 and 2017 elections respectively (Matsimbe & Domingos 2018). Although they have increased their share of parliamentary seats from 29 to 45 and then 70 seats in a 220-seat parliament, opposition parties remain minor players in the Angolan political system.…”