Angular distributions of the atomic scandium<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:math>photoelectrons in the region of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>→</mml:

Photoionization studies of f-subshell atoms are intrinsically interesting due to the high angular momentum of the f electrons. In addition, due to the high atomic number Z of the lanthanides, relativistic effects can also be expected to play an important role. Atomic Tm, which is one electron short of a filled 4f subshell, is an ideal first candidate for a detailed study of the photoionization dynamics of an open-f subshell atom. To date there has only been one photoelectron study of atomic Tm [1] which was carried out at only a few photon energies and did not measure angular distributions. We will present an investigation of the photoionization dynamics of both the angular distributions parameters, β, as well as the partial cross sections, σ, of the main 4f and the 6s photolines in the region of the 5p autoionizing resonances. A comparison to recent theoretical calculations [2] will also be made.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Pe Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Photoionization of atomic thulium in the region of the 5p excitations

Whitfield¹,

Caspary²,

Wehlitz³

et al. 2007

“…The first theoretical analysis of the 3p photoabsorption spectrum came from Altun and Manson [66][67][68]158] based on the many-body perturbation theory (MBPT), the close-coupling approximation and the multi-configuration Hartree-Fock (MCHF) approach. However, as Whitfield et al [135,159] showed, there is only a marginal agreement between experiment and theory. Compared to valence excitations the 3p-3d excitation is much more complex.…”

Section: The Early Elements (Sc Ti V)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Open shells and multi-electron interactions: core level photoionization of the 3d metal atoms

Martins

Godehusen²,

Richter

et al. 2006

114

This review covers the outer core level photoionization of the free 3d metal atoms from Sc to Cu. The experimental 3p, 3s and 2p photoemission and photoabsorption spectra are discussed. A comparison emphasizes common features and distinct differences. The interpretation of the data based on ab initio calculations reveals the influence of multi-electron interactions in the 3d metal atoms. We focus on the fundamental effects and main interactions which govern the electronic structure of these open shell atoms.

“…For other open-shell atoms, however, there are very few calculations of satellite partial cross sections and none of the angular distributions despite the fact that there have been a number of experimental studies which have examined the behaviour of σ and in some cases β, often over extended photon energy ranges. These include studies of Mn [27][28][29][30], Cr [31,32] and Sc [33][34][35][36][37]. This of course is not surprising, considering the additional complexities that arise during the photoionization of the open-shell atom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valence satellite photoionization of atomic scandium in the region of the 3p → 3d giant resonance

Whitfield¹,

Caspary²,

Myers³

et al. 2005

A determination of the angular distributions, β, and relative partial photoionization cross sections, σ, of the valence satellite lines of atomic scandium in the region of the 3p → nd, ms excitations has been carried out using electron spectrometry in conjunction with monochromatized synchrotron radiation. This work is complementary to our earlier study of the partial cross sections of the Sc valence satellites but now includes angular distribution measurements of the most intense satellite lines. A correct theoretical description of the experimental satellite σ and β values presented herein should help in rectifying present discrepancies between theory and experiment for the 3d and 4s mainline σ and β values.