“…On the other hand, when a sole electron is present and no hole, the inter-shell relaxation time slows down by a factor of about 2-10. For instance, in n-doped (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots the low-temperature P → S relaxation time has been extracted from pump-probe infra-red spectroscopy and is in the range of 20-65 ps in the experiments of Zibik et al Several relaxation mechanisms have been proposed as responsible for the fast inter-shell relaxation: multi-phonon emission, 32 Auger (carrier-carrier) scattering, 33,34,35,36 and polaron relaxation 37,38,39,40 .…”