Animal models and <scp>COVID</scp>‐19: Mechanism and comorbidities

Alberca, Ricardo Wesley

doi:10.1111/resp.14043

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Since the outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019, the WHO had launched a global campaign to test therapeutic agents and vaccines on an unprecedented scale ( 13 – 15 ). During this progress, several animal models, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transgenic mice, Syrian hamsters, ferrets, and nonhuman primates, were established to investigate the virus pathogenicity and facilitate preclinical analysis for vaccines and therapeutics ( 16 , 17 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Coinfections in Ferrets

Huang

Skarlupka

Jang

et al. 2022

J Virol

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and seasonal influenza viruses are co-circulating in the human population. However, only a few cases of viral co-infection with these two viruses have been documented in humans with some people having severe disease and others mild disease. In order to examine this phenomenon, ferrets were co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and human seasonal influenza A viruses (IAVs) (H1N1 or H3N2) and were compared to animals that received each virus alone. Ferrets were either immunologically naïve to both viruses or vaccinated with the 2019-2020 split-inactivated influenza virus vaccine. Co-infected naive ferrets lost significantly more body weight than ferrets infected with each virus alone and induced more severe inflammation in both the nose and lungs than ferrets single-infected with each virus. Co-infected naïve animals had predominantly higher IAV titers than SARS-CoV-2 titers, and IAVs efficiently transmitted to the co-housed ferrets by direct contact. Comparatively, SARS-CoV-2 failed to transmit to the ferrets that co-housed with co-infected ferrets by direct contact. Moreover, vaccination significantly reduced IAVs virus titers and shortened the viral shedding, but did not completely block influenza virus direct contact transmission. Notably, vaccination significantly ameliorated the influenza associated disease by protecting vaccinated animals from severe morbidity after IAV single infection or IAV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection, suggesting that seasonal influenza virus vaccination is pivotal to prevent severe disease induced by IAVs and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Importance Influenza A viruses cause severe morbidity and mortality during each influenza virus season. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human population offers the opportunity to potential co-infections of both viruses. The development of useful animal models to asses pathogenesis, transmission, and viral evolution of these viruses as the co-infect a host is of critical importance for the development of vaccines and therapeutics. The ability to prevent the most severe effects of viral co-infections can be studied using effect co-infection ferret models described in this report.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Coinfections in Ferrets

Huang

Skarlupka

Jang

et al. 2022

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 Nevertheless, recent reports have described transfection of hACE2 in both C57BL6 and BALB/c mice, 2 which enables experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection in existing strains of molecule-deficient mice that are already characterized.These transgenic hACE2 mice could be used to further explore the role of immune receptors and molecules in COVID-19 pathophysiology, 3 and assess the impact of interventions such as blocking antibodies or immune deficiencies in the treatment of aberrant inflammation and cytokine production during SARS-CoV-2 infection. 4 The use of techniques such as crispr-cas9 and cre lox systems to generate mice with a gene or molecule deletion in specific cells, or tamoxifen cre recombinase induced spatially and temporally defined deletions, will support investigations on cell type-specific responses to COVID-19.Mouse models will allow scientists to investigate the synergistic effects of different diseases by combining experimental models. Research on the impact of respiratory or metabolic diseases on the development and severity of COVID-19 and the resulting immune responses will facilitate the development of more personalized treatments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These transgenic hACE2 mice could be used to further explore the role of immune receptors and molecules in COVID-19 pathophysiology, 3 and assess the impact of interventions such as blocking antibodies or immune deficiencies in the treatment of aberrant inflammation and cytokine production during SARS-CoV-2 infection. 4 The use of techniques such as crispr-cas9 and cre lox systems to generate mice with a gene or molecule deletion in specific cells, or tamoxifen cre recombinase induced spatially and temporally defined deletions, will support investigations on cell type-specific responses to COVID-19.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%