Animal Models in Orthopedic Research: The Proper Animal Model to Answer Fundamental Questions on Bone Healing Depending on Pathology and Implant Material

Sommer, Nicole G.; Hahn, David; Okutan, Begüm; Marek, Romy; Weinberg, Annelie‐Martina

doi:10.5772/intechopen.89137

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Amifostine is usually a well-tolerated drug; however, it may have some adverse effects, including hypotension, nausea, vomiting, and allergic reactions that may be related to dose management [ 19 ]. Additionally, a radioprotective effect of amifostine has been investigated by many previous studies [ 22 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioprotective role of amifostine on osteointegration of titanium implants in the tibia of rats

et al. 2023

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Background Titanium is the most widely used metal for bone integration, especially for cancer patients receiving ionizing radiation. This study aimed to investigate the amifostine administration that would reduce the effects of radiation on bone healing and osseointegration in rat models. Objectives It is aimed that the application of amifostine in rats receiving radiotherapy treatment will reduce the negative effects of ionizing radiation on the bone. Methods Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into one healthy and four experimental groups. In three consecutive days, two experimental groups of rats (AMF-RT-IMP and RT-IMP) were exposed to radiation (15 Gy/3 fractions of 5 Gy each). Then the titanium implants were inserted into the left tibia. Before the radiotherapy process, a 200 mg/kg dose of amifostine (AMF) was administered to the rats in the AMF-IMP and AMF-RT-IMP groups. Twenty-eight days after the screw implant, all rats were sacrificed, and their blood samples and tibia bones were collected for analysis. Results The results indicated an accelerated bone formation and a more rapid healing process in the screw implants in the AMF-IMP, AMF-RT-IMP, and AMF-RT groups than in the RT-IMP group. Also, bone-implant contact area measurement and inflammation decreased with amifostine treatment in the implants subjected to irradiation ( p < 0.05). Conclusions The results obtained in the present study suggested that amifostine prevents the losses of bone minerals, bone integrity, and implant position from ionizing-radiation when given before exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioprotective role of amifostine on osteointegration of titanium implants in the tibia of rats

et al. 2023

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“…Furthermore, large animal models that are similar in size and weight to a human may be crucial for implantations and more appropriate for biomechanical studies. Thus, choosing the ideal animal model to answer the proposed scientific question is a top priority in securing a successful outcome [ 103 ].…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regenerative Engineering Animal Models for Knee Osteoarthritis

Esdaille

Ude

Laurencin

2021

Regen. Eng. Transl. Med.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is the most common synovial joint disorder worldwide, with a growing incidence due to increasing rates of obesity and an aging population. A significant amount of research is currently being conducted to further our understanding of the pathophysiology of knee osteoarthritis to design less invasive and more effective treatment options once conservative management has failed. Regenerative engineering techniques have shown promising preclinical results in treating OA due to their innovative approaches and have emerged as a popular area of study. To investigate these therapeutics, animal models of OA have been used in preclinical trials. There are various mechanisms by which OA can be induced in the knee/stifle of animals that are classified by the etiology of the OA that they are designed to recapitulate. Thus, it is essential to utilize the correct animal model in studies that are investigating regenerative engineering techniques for proper translation of efficacy into clinical trials. This review discusses the various animal models of OA that may be used in preclinical regenerative engineering trials and the corresponding classification system. Lay Summary Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is the most common synovial joint disease worldwide, with high rates of occurrence due to an increase in obesity and an aging population. A great deal of research is currently underway to further our understanding of the causes of osteoarthritis, to design more effective treatments. The emergence of regenerative engineering has provided physicians and investigators with unique opportunities to join ideas in tackling human diseases such as OA. Once the concept is proven to work, the initial procedure for the evaluation of a treatment solution begins with an animal model. Thus, it is essential to utilize a suitable animal model that reflects the particular ailment in regenerative engineering studies for proper translation to human patients as each model has associated advantages and disadvantages. There are various ways by which OA can occur in the knee joint, which are classified according to the particular cause of the OA. This review discusses the various animal models of OA that may be used in preclinical regenerative engineering investigations and the corresponding classification system.

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“…Although the composition and mass of bones in pigs and dogs mimic human bone to some extent, they both have drawbacks when used in orthopedic research. For pigs, high bone growth rates, excessive body weight, and behavioral issues lead to a high incidence of bone abnormalities [34,35]. For dogs, some studies have mentioned disadvantages such as a significantly higher bone mineral density (BMD) (BMD value in dog bone:~340 mg/cm 3 vs. BMD value in human bone:~180 mg/cm 3 ), variability in bone turnover, and ethical concerns [34,35].…”

Section: Description Bone Defect Depth Treatment Optionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For pigs, high bone growth rates, excessive body weight, and behavioral issues lead to a high incidence of bone abnormalities [34,35]. For dogs, some studies have mentioned disadvantages such as a significantly higher bone mineral density (BMD) (BMD value in dog bone:~340 mg/cm 3 vs. BMD value in human bone:~180 mg/cm 3 ), variability in bone turnover, and ethical concerns [34,35]. In the present study, sheep were used.…”

Section: Description Bone Defect Depth Treatment Optionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Two Glass Polyalkenoate Cements: An In Vivo Pilot Study Using a Sheep Model

Hasandoost

Marx

Zalzal

et al. 2021

JFB

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Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is used to manage bone loss in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). However, the application of PMMA has been associated with complications such as volumetric shrinkage, necrosis, wear debris, and loosening. Glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) have potential bone cementation applications. Unlike PMMA, GPC does not undergo volumetric shrinkage, adheres chemically to bone, and does not undergo an exothermic setting reaction. In this study, two different compositions of GPCs (GPCA and GPCB), based on the patented glass system SiO2-CaO-SrO-P2O5-Ta2O5, were investigated. Working and setting times, pH, ion release, compressive strength, and cytotoxicity of each composition were assessed, and based on the results of these tests, three sets of samples from GPCA were implanted into the distal femur and proximal tibia of three sheep (alongside PMMA as control). Clinical CT scans and micro-CT images obtained at 0, 6, and 12 weeks revealed the varied radiological responses of sheep bone to GPCA. One GPCA sample (implanted in the sheep for 12 weeks) was characterized with no bone resorption. Furthermore, a continuous bone–cement interface was observed in the CT images of this sample. The other implanted GPCA showed a thin radiolucent border at six weeks, indicating some bone resorption occurred. The third sample showed extensive bone resorption at both six and 12 weeks. Possible speculative factors that might be involved in the varied response can be: excessive Zn2+ ion release, low pH, mixing variability, and difficulty in inserting the samples into different parts of the sheep bone.

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Animal Models in Orthopedic Research: The Proper Animal Model to Answer Fundamental Questions on Bone Healing Depending on Pathology and Implant Material

Cited by 13 publications

References 60 publications

Radioprotective role of amifostine on osteointegration of titanium implants in the tibia of rats

Radioprotective role of amifostine on osteointegration of titanium implants in the tibia of rats

Regenerative Engineering Animal Models for Knee Osteoarthritis

Comparative Evaluation of Two Glass Polyalkenoate Cements: An In Vivo Pilot Study Using a Sheep Model

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