Animal models of necrotizing enterocolitis

Mendez, Yomara S.; Khan, Faroque A.; Perrier, Gregory; Radulescu, Andrei

doi:10.1136/wjps-2020-000109

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Various mechanisms of NEC have been reported in animal models in the literature. 43,44 These include gavage formula or hyperosmolar formula gavage feeds, exposure to hypoxia and/or hypothermia and administration of bacteria.…”

Section: Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If applicable, we will use the standard histologic scoring previously described in the literature to assess the severity of histological changes in NEC. 43,49 Histopathology of the lesions will be categorized in four classes: grade 1 focal, mild injury confined to villous types, grade II, partial loss of vili, grade III, necrosis extending to submucosa and grade IV, transmural necrosis.…”

Section: Outcomes and Priorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells in preclinical models of necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review protocol

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the intestine that can lead to necrosis and bowel perforation. It is a severe complication of preterm birth. It’s mortality rate is up to 50% and survival after necrotizing enterocolitis leads to long-term complications. The current treatment is supportive and includes bowel rest and decompression and antibiotics. Thus, new treatments are necessary to reduce mortality and morbidity. Mesenchymal stromal cells are known to have anti-inflammatory properties and might be a promising option for treatment. Here we present a protocol for a systematic review with the aim to explore the efficacy of cell therapies with mesenchymal stromal cells in animal models of necrotizing enterocolitis. The primary outcome is histological signs of necrotizing enterocolitis. Additional outcomes include survival, bowel perforation, gut permeability, gut motility, levels of inflammatory markers, cytokine levels and adverse events. Methods: We will conduct a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The retrieved records will be screened individually by two investigators. We will include all preclinical in vivo animal models of experimentally induced necrotizing enterocolitis that evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells or other cell therapy treatments. Outcome data will be extracted from each article and risk of bias assessment performed. Funnel plots and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal studies will be used. Data will be reported as ratios, divided in predefined subgroups where relevant. Conclusions: This systematic review aims to examine the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells in preclinical models of necrotizing enterocolitis and whether there is sufficient evidence to support a clinical trial of efficacy and safety of the treatment with mesenchymal stromal cells in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.

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Section: Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Outcomes and Priorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells in preclinical models of necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review protocol

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To enhance the generalizability of our ndings, NEC will be de ned as any histological intestinal tissue injury. Various mechanisms of NEC have been reported in animal models in the literature (41,42). These include gavage formula or hyperosmolar formula gavage feeds, exposure to hypoxia and/or hypothermia and administration of bacteria.…”

Section: Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The histological signs can be tissue in ammation, bacterial invasion, tissue necrosis and signs of micro-perforation. If applicable, we will use the standard histologic scoring previously described in the literature to assess the severity of histological changes in NEC (41,47). Histopathology of the lesions will be categorized in four classes: grade 1 focal, mild injury con ned to villous types, grade II, partial loss of vili, grade III, necrosis extending to submucosa and grade IV, transmural necrosis.…”

Section: Outcomes and Priorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Preclinical Models of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: a Systematic Review Protocol

Maltais-Bilodeau

Henckel

Cobey

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the intestine that can lead to necrosis and bowel perforation. It is a severe complication of preterm birth with a prevalence of 7% in infants with a birth weight less than 1500 grams. It’s mortality rate is up to 30% and survival after necrotizing enterocolitis leads to long-term gastrointestinal and neurocognitive consequences. The current treatment is supportive and includes bowel rest and decompression and antibiotics. Thus, new treatments are necessary to reduce mortality and morbidity. Mesenchymal stromal cells are known to have anti-inflammatory properties and might be a promising option for treatment. Here we present a protocol for a systematic review with the aim to explore the efficacy of cell therapies with mesenchymal stromal cells in animal models of necrotizing enterocolitis. The primary outcome is histological signs of necrotizing enterocolitis. Additional outcomes include survival, bowel perforation, gut permeability, gut motility, levels of inflammatory markers, cytokine levels and adverse events.MethodsWe will conduct a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The retrieved records will be screened individually by two investigators. We will include all preclinical in vivo animal models of experimentally induced NEC that evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells or other cell therapy treatments. Outcome data will be extracted from each article and risk of bias assessment performed. Funnel plots and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal studies will be used. Data will be reported as ratios, divided in predefined subgroups where relevant. DiscussionThis systematic review aims to examine the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells in preclinical models of necrotizing enterocolitis and whether there is sufficient evidence to support a clinical trial of efficacy and safety of the treatment with mesenchymal stromal cells in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.Systematic review registrationThis protocol has been registered on Open Science framework: osf.io/5rc6t

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“…So far, the scientific evidences regarding the effects of artificial rearing on intestinal health, especially colon remain scanty and require further investigation. Moreover, the pigs share many similarities with humans in anatomy, morphology, and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract (Gonzalez et al, 2015) and have been used with increasing frequency in NEC research (Mendez et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial rearing alters intestinal microbiota and induces inflammatory response in piglets

Han

Zhang²,

Nian³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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With the ongoing genetic selection for high prolificacy in sow lines and the improvements in environment and farm management, litter size has increased in recent years. Artificial rearing is becoming widely used to raise the surplus piglets in pig industry. This study aimed to investigate the changes that happened in the morphology, microbiota, mucosal barrier function, and transcriptome caused by artificial rearing in piglet colon. Two hundred and forty newborn piglets were randomly assigned into three treatments, sow rearing until weaning (CON group), artificial rearing from day 21 (AR21 group), and artificial rearing from day 7 (AR7 group). On day 35, the piglets were euthanized to collect colon samples. The results showed that the artificially reared-piglets displayed increased pre-weaning diarrhea incidence and reduced growth performance. Artificial rearing changed the diversity and structure of colonic microbiota and increased relative abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Escherichia-Shigella. In addition, the morphological disruption was observed in AR7 group, which was coincided with decreased tight junction proteins and goblet cell numbers. Moreover, the expression of TNFSF11, TNF-α, IL-1β, TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, COX-2, PTGEs, iNOS, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17A, and IFN-γ was upregulated in the colon of the artificially reared-piglets, while the expression of IL-1Ra and IκBα was downregulated, indicating that artificial rearing induced inflammatory response through the activation of NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, artificial rearing regulated SLC family members, which affected solute transport and destroyed intestinal homeostasis. In conclusion, artificial rearing caused microbiota alteration, morphology disruption, the destruction of mucosal barrier function, and inflammatory response, and thus, led to subsequent increased diarrhea incidence and reduced growth performance.

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Animal models of necrotizing enterocolitis

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells in preclinical models of necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review protocol

Efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells in preclinical models of necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review protocol

Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Preclinical Models of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: a Systematic Review Protocol

Artificial rearing alters intestinal microbiota and induces inflammatory response in piglets

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