Animal Models of Renal Pathophysiology and Disease

Hosszú, Ádám; Kaucsár, Tamás; Seeliger, Erdmann; Fekete, Andrea

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_2

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…An established model of X‐ray CM‐induced AKI 41‐43,65 was employed in a third subgroup of rats instrumented with a carotid artery catheter: control baseline period of about 10 min injection of a prewarmed (37℃) X‐ray CM (iodixanol of 320‐mg iodine/mL, GE Healthcare Buchler, Braunschweig, Germany) as a bolus of 1.5 mL (equivalent to approximately 1.5‐mg iodine/g of BM) into the thoracic aorta. Injection of a 0.2‐mL isotonic saline chaser bolus to account for the catheter dead space. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliable kidney size determination by magnetic resonance imaging in pathophysiological settings

et al. 2021

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Aim Kidney diseases constitute a major health challenge, which requires noninvasive imaging to complement conventional approaches to diagnosis and monitoring. Several renal pathologies are associated with changes in kidney size, offering an opportunity for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers of disease. This work uses dynamic MRI and an automated bean‐shaped model (ABSM) for longitudinal quantification of pathophysiologically relevant changes in kidney size. Methods A geometry‐based ABSM was developed for kidney size measurements in rats using parametric MRI (T2, T2* mapping). The ABSM approach was applied to longitudinal renal size quantification using occlusion of the (a) suprarenal aorta or (b) the renal vein, (c) increase in renal pelvis and intratubular pressure and (d) injection of an X‐ray contrast medium into the thoracic aorta to induce pathophysiologically relevant changes in kidney size. Results The ABSM yielded renal size measurements with accuracy and precision equivalent to the manual segmentation, with >70‐fold time savings. The automated method could detect a ~7% reduction (aortic occlusion) and a ~5%, a ~2% and a ~6% increase in kidney size (venous occlusion, pelvis and intratubular pressure increase and injection of X‐ray contrast medium, respectively). These measurements were not affected by reduced image quality following administration of ferumoxytol. Conclusion Dynamic MRI in conjunction with renal segmentation using an ABSM supports longitudinal quantification of changes in kidney size in pathophysiologically relevant experimental setups mimicking realistic clinical scenarios. This can potentially be instrumental for developing MRI‐based diagnostic tools for various kidney disorders and for gaining new insight into mechanisms of renal pathophysiology.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An established model of X-ray CM-induced AKI [41][42][43]65 was employed in a third subgroup of rats instrumented with a carotid artery catheter:…”

Section: Longitudinal Quantification Of Renal Size Changes Upon Patho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable kidney size determination by magnetic resonance imaging in pathophysiological settings

et al. 2021

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“…Топографія нирок виявляється в індивідуальних особливостях і залежить від віку, породи і статті тварини (Kadhim et al, 2023). Нирки собак за зовнішньою структурою є гладенькими, однососочковими утвореннями, червоно-бурого кольору, бобоподібної форми, що локалізуються у зачеревному просторі -екстраперитонеально, поперекового відділу тулуба як і в інших ссавців (Stegaylo, 2008;Gómez et al, 2017;Hosszu et al, 2021). Права нирка більша за ліву і торкається печінки.…”

Section: результати та їх обговоренняunclassified

Morphological characteristics of the kidneys of mature dogs (Canis Lupus Familiaris L., 1758)

Khomenko,

Sokulskyi,

Zaika

2024

SMLNUVMB

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Each biological species of animals is unique in its structure, which is due to the uniqueness of ecological habitats and the peculiarities of adaptation of homeostasis mechanisms to the influence of environmental factors. Subtle differences in the structural and functional components of organs found in different species of animals create a clear architecture for understanding the depth of biological processes. Research of species, breed and age macro- and microanatomical structures and their morphometric indicators of organs and systems should be considered as urgent tasks of modern morphology. The new data on the morphological indicators of organs discovered at the macro- and micro-levels make a certain contribution to the age-related, breed-related, comparative, experimental and clinical morphology of mammals. Urinary organs in the body of mammals play one of the leading roles in maintaining the physiological and biochemical status of the organism and homeostasis as a whole, which largely depends directly on the morphological and functional state of these organs. Increasingly, there is a need for comprehensive scientific studies of various departments of the urinary organs. The scientific article uses material that is a fragment of the planned research work of the department of normal and pathological morphology, hygiene and expertise “Development, morphology and histochemistry of animal organs in normal and pathological conditions”, state registration number 0120U100796. The article contains the results of the morphometric characteristics of the kidneys of sexually mature dogs – Canis lupus familiaris L., 1758. During the implementation of this work, complex research methods were applied: anatomical, histological, morphometric and statistical. For histological examination, a fragment of kidneys was selected, they were fixed in 10 % neutral formalin solution, Carnois and Buena fluid. In the future, dehydration was carried out in alcohols of increasing concentration and the procedure for sealing the organ was carried out according to generally accepted methods. Using a sled microtome, histological sections with a thickness of 7–10 μm were obtained. Processing of the results of histological sections was examined under a “Micros” light microscope with a digital camera at a magnification of × 100–400. The morphological study of the structural organs of the urinary system was studied on histological sections by the method of light microscopy in accordance with the requirements of the international principles of the “European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used in Experiments and Other Scientific Purposes” (Strasbourg, 1986), by the decision of the First National Congress on Bioethics (M. Kyiv, 2001), Law of Ukraine No. 692 “On the Protection of Animals from Cruel Treatment” (3447-IV) dated February 21, 2006. According to the histological structure, the kidneys of dogs are represented by renal corpuscles and renal tubules, which are made of epithelial cells. Organometric studies indicate that the absolute mass of kidneys in sexually mature dogs is 119.8 ± 6.48 g, relative – 0.74 ± 0.04 %. Morphometric studies of the kidney parenchyma in dogs have established that the average area of renal corpuscles is 4.89 ± 0.24 thousand μm², the area of the vascular glomerulus is 3.79 ± 0.18 thousand μm², the area of the Shumlyansky-Bowman capsule lumen is 1.12 ± 0.27 thousand μm². The average volume of renal bodies of the cortical substance is 1265.69 ± 239.34 thousand μm³. The number of renal corpuscles per conventional unit of area (5 mm²) is 20.8 ± 0.6 units. The aim of the work was to investigate the peculiarities of the morphogistological structure of the kidneys of sexually mature dogs. The research results will expand information about the morphological structure, and will serve for the development of issues of physiology, pathology and treatment of diseases of the urinary organs.

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“…Also, whereas most of the common mouse strains are inbred mouse strains, the rats mostly used are outbred strains (e.g. Wistar or Sprague Dawley), imposing a higher genetic variability and in general a potential reduction in reproducibility of experimental outcomes [ 184 , 185 ].…”

Section: Animal Models To Study Uremic Cardiomyopathy: Overview and C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiomyopathy in chronic kidney disease: clinical features, biomarkers and the contribution of murine models in understanding pathophysiology

Junho

Frisch

Soppert

et al. 2023

Clinical Kidney Journal

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The cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is described as a multi-organ disease encompassing bidirectionally heart and kidney. In CRS type 4, chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to cardiac injury. Different pathological mechanisms have been identified to contribute to the establishment of CKD-induced cardiomyopathy, including a neurohormonal dysregulation, disturbances in the mineral metabolism and an accumulation of uremic toxins, playing an important role in the development of inflammation and oxidative stress. Combined, this leads to cardiac dysfunction and cardiac pathophysiological and morphological changes, like left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and cardiac electrical changes. Given that around 80% of dialysis patients suffer from uremic cardiomyopathy, the study of cardiac outcomes in CKD is clinically highly relevant. The present review summarizes clinical features and biomarkers of CKD-induced cardiomyopathy and discusses underlying pathophysiological mechanisms recently uncovered in the literature. It discloses how animal models have contributed to the understanding of pathological kidney-heart crosstalk, but also provides insights into the variability in observed effects of CKD on the heart in different CKD mouse models, covering both ‘single hit’ as well as ‘multifactorial hit’ models. Overall, this review aims to support research progress in the field of CKD-induced cardiomyopathy.

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Animal Models of Renal Pathophysiology and Disease

Cited by 15 publications

References 90 publications

Reliable kidney size determination by magnetic resonance imaging in pathophysiological settings

Reliable kidney size determination by magnetic resonance imaging in pathophysiological settings

Morphological characteristics of the kidneys of mature dogs (Canis Lupus Familiaris L., 1758)

Cardiomyopathy in chronic kidney disease: clinical features, biomarkers and the contribution of murine models in understanding pathophysiology

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