Animal Pesticide Poisoning in Tunisia

Abstract

During the period from 2014 to 2017, a retrospective study on pesticide poisoning in domestic animals and livestock was compiled and then analyzed. A total of 71 pesticide analyses have been submitted to the Pharmacy and Toxicology Laboratory of the School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet in Tunisia. All the cases were first referred either through the clinical and/or pathological departments of the Veterinary School, the private and/or governmental veterinarians or directly by the pet owners. Among the total number of the suspected samples, 21 (29.6%) cases were found positive for various kinds of pesticides. Carbamate insecticides were the most frequently implicated pesticide (52.4% of the total positive cases), followed by organophosphate insecticides (19%), then rodenticides-anticoagulants and rodenticides non-anticoagulants (14.3% each). Therefore, carbamates and organophosphates are the most implicated group of pesticides in intoxications (71.4%). Among the 21 positive cases were 11 dogs, 4 cats, 3 poultry, 2 ruminants, and 1 case of bee poisoning. Partition chromatography (HPLC) has been used to characterize the incriminated pesticides. The aim of this survey was to determine incidence and characteristics of pesticide poisoning in domestic and farm animals in Tunisia. The reported results are useful for epidemiological cartography and medical management of intoxicated animals.

Role of biotransformation in the diazinon-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells and antioxidant protection by tetrahydrocurcumin

“…In this way, several cases of human accidental [18] , [21] , [55] , [64] , [71] or suicidal [12] , [19] , [2] , [51] , [57] , [64] poisoning by DZN have been reported, some of which were fatal. Also, cases of fatal intoxication in animals are reported [10] , [13] , [26] , [36] , [40] , [61] . The dose of DZN observed to cause a cytotoxic effect in the present study (25–150 μM) is in line with the human blood concentration of 28 mg/dL (0.91 mM) achieved following acute self-poisoning [51] .…”

Main mortality factors for the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca Savigny, 1809) in Bulgaria

“…Most frequently used substances in poisonous baits were strychnine, carbamate, and organophosphorus compounds (Parvanov et al 2018). Moreover, highly toxic pesticides were detected in intentional poisoning of domestic animals and wildlife in Spain (aldicarb, carbofuran and strychnine) (Martínez-Haro et al 2008), Italy (insecticides -anticholinesterases, rodenticides, molluscicides and herbicides) (Chiaria et al 2017), Tunisia (carbamates, organophosphates and rodenticides-anticoagulants) (Lahmar et al 2019) and Hungary (carbofuran, brodifacoum, terbufos and diazinon) (Deák et al 2020a). In correspondence with these findings, our results showed that laboratory confirmed intoxications in EIEs from the study were caused by anticholinesterase's inhibitors such as organophosphate and carbamate insecticides.…”

Samsun ve çevresinde evcil hayvanlarda görülen zehirlenme vakalarının sistematik toksikolojik analiz prensipleri çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi

“…Ayrıca zehirleyici maddeler sıklık açısından sırasıyla antikoagülan rodentisitler, organik fosforlu insektisitler, antikoagülan olmayan rodentisitler, molluskusit ve herbisitler, diğer zehirleyici bileşikler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ölümle sonuçlanan pestisit zehirlenme vakalarında, karbamatlı pestisitlerin öne çıktığı, bunun yanı sıra organik fosforlu pestisitler, rodentisitler, mikotoksinler gibi zehirleyici ajanların da sıkça ölüme sebep olduğu belirtilmektedir (29,41). Allkämper ve ark.…”

“…Tür bazında zehirlenme şüpheli vaka sayısı çoktan aza doğru köpek, sığır, koyun, kanatlı hayvanlar, kedi, egzotik hayvanlar, keçi, manda ve at sırasıyla tespit edilmiştir. Dünya genelinde yapılan retrospektif çalışmalarda da hayvan zehirlenmelerine en sık maruz kalan tür köpekler olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır (2,6,13,15,29). Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Kanada'da 2002-2010 yılları arasında tespit edilen zehirlenme şüpheli vakalarının % 76'sı köpeklerde, % 13'ü kedilerde gerçekleşmiştir (31).…”