Animal reintroductions: An innovative assessment of survival

Muths, Erin; Bailey, Larissa L.; Watry, Mary Kay

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2014.02.034

Cited by 38 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Despite retaining the suggested rearing and release process, we saw a wide range of survival to metamorphosis estimates across the four cohorts of tadpoles released during our study. Still, the range of survival to metamorphosis in head‐started, translocated tadpoles (in this study and Muths et al, ) is similar to the survival to metamorphosis of wild eggs in this region, with less reproductive failure. Accordingly, this method is likely an effective management strategy, particularly if reintroduction sites are Bd negative.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The probability of an individual being recaptured during a removal sample was also set to 0. In addition, because tadpoles are not sampled (i.e., represent an unobservable state), two additional assumptions are required for the remaining parameters to be identifiable: We assumed that all tadpoles that survive and metamorphose have done so prior to the final removal sample (

ψ_{2}^{TM} = 1

) and that monthly survival probability of tadpoles is constant between primary periods (

S_{1 italicmonthly}^{T} = S_{2 italicmonthly}^{T}

, Muths et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using estimates from best‐supported model, we calculated survival from egg to metamorphosis for each cohort. This is given by the equation:

S^{EM} = S_{1}^{T} * ((), ψ_{1}^{TM} + ((), 1 - ψ_{1}^{TM}) * S_{2}^{T})

where

S_{1}^{T}

= the survival probability of tadpoles between hatching and the first removal sample,

S_{2}^{T}

= the survival probability of tadpoles between the first and second removal samples (Muths et al, ). For the cohorts at the reintroduction site (Red Mountain), this value was multiplied by captive rearing success (the proportion of harvested eggs that successfully hatched and survived to release) to insure values from the reintroduction site were comparable to wild sites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly variable rates of survival to metamorphosis in wild boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas)

2020

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Life history theory suggests that long‐lived, pond‐breeding amphibians should have low and highly variable early life‐stage survival rates, but this theoretical expectation is often untested and the causes of variation are usually unknown. We evaluated the impact of hydroperiod, presence of a pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd]), presence of a potential predator (cutthroat trout Oncorhychus clarki stomias), and whether animals had been reintroduced into a site on survival of early life stages of boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas). We used a multistate mark‐recapture framework to estimate survival of boreal toad embryos from egg to metamorphosis at four sites over 5 years. We found substantial spatial and temporal variation in survival to metamorphosis and documented some evidence that monthly tadpole survival was lower in sites with Bd, without trout, and at permanent sites. Our results support theories of amphibian life history, aid in the management of this species of conservation concern, and contribute to our knowledge of the ecology of the species. Additionally, we present methodology that allows practitioners to account for different lengths of time between sampling periods when estimating survival probabilities which is especially applicable to organisms with distinct biological stages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

ψ_{2}^{TM} = 1

) and that monthly survival probability of tadpoles is constant between primary periods (

S_{1 italicmonthly}^{T} = S_{2 italicmonthly}^{T}

, Muths et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using estimates from best‐supported model, we calculated survival from egg to metamorphosis for each cohort. This is given by the equation:

S^{EM} = S_{1}^{T} * ((), ψ_{1}^{TM} + ((), 1 - ψ_{1}^{TM}) * S_{2}^{T})

where

S_{1}^{T}

= the survival probability of tadpoles between hatching and the first removal sample,

S_{2}^{T}

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly variable rates of survival to metamorphosis in wild boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas)

2020

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“…Therefore, it is not surprising that the number of studies of infection and disease in the wild, and those exploring management of infection in captivity, far outstrip those on in situ intervention. We know of few published studies describing the outcomes of attempted [16,17,[25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating amphibian chytridiomycoses in nature

Garner

Schmidt²,

Martel

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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134

156

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Amphibians across the planet face the threat of population decline and extirpation caused by the disease chytridiomycosis. Despite consensus that the fungal pathogens responsible for the disease are conservation issues, strategies to mitigate their impacts in the natural world are, at best, nascent. Reducing risk associated with the movement of amphibians, non-amphibian vectors and other sources of infection remains the first line of defence and a primary objective when mitigating the threat of disease in wildlife. Amphibian-associated chytridiomycete fungi and chytridiomycosis are already widespread, though, and we therefore focus on discussing options for mitigating the threats once disease emergence has occurred in wild amphibian populations. All strategies have shortcomings that need to be overcome before implementation, including stronger efforts towards understanding and addressing ethical and legal considerations. Even if these issues can be dealt with, all currently available approaches, or those under discussion, are unlikely to yield the desired conservation outcome of disease mitigation. The decision process for establishing mitigation strategies requires integrated thinking that assesses disease mitigation options critically and embeds them within more comprehensive strategies for the conservation of amphibian populations, communities and ecosystems. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.

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“…and several amphibians; [30–32]). Various aspects of climate change, including warming temperatures, have the potential to alter the unique habitats that these lakes provide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal regimes of Rocky Mountain lakes warm with climate change

et al. 2017

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Anthropogenic climate change is causing a wide range of stresses in aquatic ecosystems, primarily through warming thermal conditions. Lakes, in response to these changes, are experiencing increases in both summer temperatures and ice-free days. We used continuous records of lake surface temperature and air temperature to create statistical models of daily mean lake surface temperature to assess thermal changes in mountain lakes. These models were combined with downscaled climate projections to predict future thermal conditions for 27 high-elevation lakes in the southern Rocky Mountains. The models predict a 0.25°C·decade-1 increase in mean annual lake surface temperature through the 2080s, which is greater than warming rates of streams in this region. Most striking is that on average, ice-free days are predicted to increase by 5.9 days ·decade-1, and summer mean lake surface temperature is predicted to increase by 0.47°C·decade-1. Both could profoundly alter the length of the growing season and potentially change the structure and function of mountain lake ecosystems. These results highlight the changes expected of mountain lakes and stress the importance of incorporating climate-related adaptive strategies in the development of resource management plans.

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Animal reintroductions: An innovative assessment of survival

Cited by 38 publications

References 45 publications

Highly variable rates of survival to metamorphosis in wild boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas)

Highly variable rates of survival to metamorphosis in wild boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas)

Mitigating amphibian chytridiomycoses in nature

Thermal regimes of Rocky Mountain lakes warm with climate change

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