Animal reservoirs of schistosomiasis

Macpherson, C. N. L.; Craig, Philip S.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3054-7_8

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

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“…However, when investigating these potential cost-savings it will be important to consider the risk of human migration resourcing infection; transmission models can be useful in evaluating the risk of this and potential management strategies. It will also be important to consider the implications of potential hybridization of different Schistosoma species, which could increase their geographical range if it changes which snail species are viable intermediate hosts making elimination more challenging [ 77 – 79 ], as well as the potential role of animal reservoirs [ 79 , 80 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the variation in the projected benefit of community-wide mass treatment for schistosomiasis: Implications for future economic evaluations

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe majority of schistosomiasis control programmes focus on targeting school-aged children. Expanding the use of community-wide mass treatment to reach more adults is under consideration. However, it should be noted that this would require a further increase in programmatic resources, international aid, and commitment for the provision of praziquantel. Consequently, it is important to understand (i) where a change of strategy would have the greatest benefit, and (ii) how generalisable the conclusions of field trials and analytical studies based on mathematical models investigating the impact of community-wide mass treatment, are to a broad range of settings.MethodsIn this paper, we employ a previously described deterministic fully age-structured schistosomiasis transmission model and evaluate the benefit of community-wide mass treatment both in terms of controlling morbidity and eliminating transmission for Schistosoma mansoni, across a wide range of epidemiological settings and programmatic scenarios. This included variation in the baseline relative worm pre-control burden in adults, the overall level of transmission in defined settings, choice of effectiveness metric (basing morbidity calculations on prevalence or intensity), the level of school enrolment and treatment compliance.ResultsCommunity-wide mass treatment was found to be more effective for controlling the transmission of schistosome parasites than using a school-based programme only targeting school-aged children. However, in the context of morbidity control, the potential benefit of switching to community-wide mass treatment was highly variable across the different scenarios analysed. In contrast, for areas where the goal is to eliminate transmission, the projected benefit of community-wide mass treatment was more consistent.ConclusionWhether community-wide mass treatment is appropriate will depend on the local epidemiological setting (i.e. the relative pre-control burden in adults and transmission intensity), and whether the goal is morbidity control or eliminating transmission. This has important implications regarding the generalisability of cost-effectiveness analyses of schistosomiasis interventions. Our results indicate that areas with poor school-enrolment/coverage could benefit more from community-wide treatment of praziquantel and should potentially be prioritised for any change in strategy. This work highlights the importance of not over-generalising conclusions and policy in this area, but of basing decisions on high quality epidemiological data and quantitative analyses of the impact of interventions in a range of settings.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2141-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the variation in the projected benefit of community-wide mass treatment for schistosomiasis: Implications for future economic evaluations

et al. 2017

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Hamadryas baboons Papio hamadryas as maintenance hosts of Schistosoma mansoni in Saudi Arabia

Zahed

Ghandour

Banaja

et al. 1996

Tropical Med Int Health

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SummaryFree ranging hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) in four localities in the west and north of Saudi Arabia were examined for natural infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Faecal examination revealed infection with S. mansoni on four occasions within one year (at a prevalence rate of 2.5-4.0%) in only one locality, the Al-Baha area. The eggs were viable, as shown by miracidial hatching tests, and were recorded at a density of 140-280 eggs/g of faeces (7000-14 ooo eggdday). Post-mortem examination of 13-24 baboons from each locality revealed infection with S. mansoni (adult worms and eggs in tissue) in only one locality, the Al-Baha area, at a prevalence rate of 4.16%. Viable eggs were found in the faeces and tissue of the infected baboons. The low prevalence rate of S. mansoni in hamadryas baboons in Saudi Arabia is in accordance with the low prevalence rate of S. mansoni in humans in the area. This natural baboon isolate was highly infective to snail intermediate hosts and mammalian hosts under experimental conditions. The epidemiological significance of the role of P. hamadryas (considering their large overall population of 250 000) as maintenance hosts of S. mansoni in Saudi Arabia is discussed.

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Zoonotic Parasites of Wildlife in Africa: A Review

Odeniran

Ademola

2016

African Journal of Wildlife Research

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Animal reservoirs of schistosomiasis

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluating the variation in the projected benefit of community-wide mass treatment for schistosomiasis: Implications for future economic evaluations

Evaluating the variation in the projected benefit of community-wide mass treatment for schistosomiasis: Implications for future economic evaluations

Hamadryas baboons Papio hamadryas as maintenance hosts of Schistosoma mansoni in Saudi Arabia

Zoonotic Parasites of Wildlife in Africa: A Review

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