Animal tuberculosis in Spain

Gortázar, Christian; Boadella, Mariana

doi:10.1002/9781118474310.ch30

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These results may not only be suggestive of a long history of endemicity, but also that M. bovis infection has been transmitted between cattle and wildlife populations in Spain for a long time. In fact, a high degree of genetic diversity was expected in SB0339 isolates, given that it represents 8% of all M. bovis isolates typed in Spain, and has been circulating in several areas of Spain over extended periods of time ( Rodriguez-Campos et al, 2010 ; Gortazar and Boadella, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing to Unravel the Genetic Diversity of a Prevalent Mycobacterium bovis Spoligotype in a Multi-Host Scenario in Spain

et al. 2022

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Despite the efforts invested in the eradication of bovine tuberculosis in Spain, herd prevalence has remained constant in the country during the last 15 years (~1.5–1.9%) due to a combination of epidemiological factors impairing disease control, including between-species transmission. Here, our aim was to investigate the molecular diversity of Mycobacterium bovis isolates belonging to the highly prevalent SB0339 spoligotype in the cattle-wildlife interface in different regions of Spain using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Genomic data of 136 M. bovis isolates recovered from different animal species (cattle, wild boar, fallow deer, and red deer) and locations between 2005 and 2018 were analyzed to investigate between- and within-species transmission, as well as within-herds. All sequenced isolates differed by 49–88 single nucleotide polymorphisms from their most recent common ancestor. Genetic heterogeneity was geographic rather than host species-specific, as isolates recovered from both cattle and wildlife from a given region were more closely related compared to isolates from the same species but geographically distant. In fact, a strong association between the geographic and the genetic distances separating pairs of M. bovis isolates was found, with a significantly stronger effect when cattle isolates were compared with wildlife or cattle-wildlife isolates in Spain. The same results were obtained in Madrid, the region with the largest number of sequenced isolates, but no differences depending on the host were observed. Within-herd genetic diversity was limited despite the considerable time elapsed between isolations. The detection of closely related strains in different hosts demonstrates the complex between-host transmission dynamics present in endemic areas in Spain. In conclusion, WGS results a valuable tool to track bTB infection at a high resolution and may contribute to achieve its eradication in Spain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing to Unravel the Genetic Diversity of a Prevalent Mycobacterium bovis Spoligotype in a Multi-Host Scenario in Spain

et al. 2022

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“…In the Iberian Peninsula, multiple domestic and wild hosts are implicated in the epidemiology of animal TB. Among domestic species, cattle is still considered the main reservoir [ 12 ], despite the fact that other livestock can also play this epidemiological role (e.g., goats [ 13 ], sheep [ 14 ], and pigs) [ 15 ]. Although Spain is far from being considered officially TB free, the herd-level prevalence in cattle has been greatly reduced since the introduction of the National Eradication Program in 1987.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Patterns between Wildlife and Cattle Reveal Opportunities for Mycobacteria Transmission in Farms from North-Eastern Atlantic Iberian Peninsula

Varela-Castro

Sevilla

Payne³

et al. 2021

Animals

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Interactions taking place between sympatric wildlife and livestock may contribute to interspecies transmission of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex or non-tuberculous mycobacteria, leading to the spread of relevant mycobacterioses or to interferences with the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of interactions between wildlife and cattle in a low bovine tuberculosis prevalence Atlantic region. Camera traps were set during a one-year period in cattle farms with a history of tuberculosis and/or non-tuberculous mycobacterioses. The frequency and duration of wildlife visits, and the number of individuals per visit, were analysed through generalized linear mixed models. The seasons, type of place, type of point, and period of the day were the explanatory variables. A total of 1293 visits were recorded during 2741 days of camera observation. Only 23 visits showed direct contacts with cattle, suggesting that mycobacteria transmission at the wildlife–livestock interface would occur mainly through indirect interactions. Cattle pastures represented the most appropriate habitat for interspecies transmission of mycobacteria, and badgers’ latrines appear to be a potential hotspot for mycobacteria circulation between badgers, wild boars, foxes, and cattle. According to both previous epidemiological information and the interaction patterns observed, wild boars, badgers, foxes, and small rodents are the species or group most often in contact with livestock, and thus may be the most involved in the epidemiology of mycobacterioses in the wildlife–livestock interface in this area.

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TUBERCULOSIS AND BRUCELLOSIS IN WOOD BISON (BISON BISON ATHABASCAE) IN NORTHERN CANADA: A RENEWED NEED TO DEVELOP OPTIONS FOR FUTURE MANAGEMENT

Shury

Nishi²,

Elkin

et al. 2015

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Effective, long-term strategies to manage the threat of bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis spillback from northern, diseased bison to the Canadian cattle herd and adjacent disease-free wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) herds have eluded policy makers in recent decades. A controversial plan to depopulate infected herds and repopulate them with diseasefree wood bison was rejected in 1990 because of significant public concern. Since then, technical advances in vaccine technology, genetic salvage, selective culling, and diagnostic test development have occurred. Containment strategies to reduce further spread of these diseases are a necessary first step; recent progress has been made in this area, but challenges remain. This progress has produced more options for management of these herds in northern Canada, and it is time to consider wood bison conservation and long-term disease eradication as equally important goals that must satisfy concerns of conservation groups, agriculture sectors, aboriginal groups, and the general public. Management of wildlife disease reservoirs in other areas, including Yellowstone and Riding Mountain national parks, has demonstrated that effective disease management is possible. Although combinations of different strategies, including vaccination, genetic salvage techniques, and selective culling, that use sensitive and specific diagnostic tests may offer alternatives to depopulation/repopulation, they also have logistic constraints and cost implications that will need consideration in a multistakeholder, collaborative-management framework. We feel the time is right for this discussion, so a longterm solution to this problem can be applied.

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Animal tuberculosis in Spain

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing to Unravel the Genetic Diversity of a Prevalent Mycobacterium bovis Spoligotype in a Multi-Host Scenario in Spain

Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing to Unravel the Genetic Diversity of a Prevalent Mycobacterium bovis Spoligotype in a Multi-Host Scenario in Spain

Interaction Patterns between Wildlife and Cattle Reveal Opportunities for Mycobacteria Transmission in Farms from North-Eastern Atlantic Iberian Peninsula

TUBERCULOSIS AND BRUCELLOSIS IN WOOD BISON (BISON BISON ATHABASCAE) IN NORTHERN CANADA: A RENEWED NEED TO DEVELOP OPTIONS FOR FUTURE MANAGEMENT

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