Animating bubble interactions in a liquid foam

Abstract

Figure 1: Coke foam. By representing foam geometry using a weighted Voronoi diagram, our particle-based algorithm can efficiently provide bubble features in existing liquid animation. This example contains up to 100K bubbles and each frame takes less than 20 seconds to simulate. Abstract Bubbles and foams are important features of liquid surface phenomena , but they are difficult to animate due to their thin films and complex interactions in the real world. In particular, small bubbles (having diameter <1cm) in a dense foam are highly affected by surface tension, so their shapes are much less deformable compared with larger bubbles. Under this small bubble assumption, we propose a more accurate and efficient particle-based algorithm to simulate bubble dynamics and interactions. The key component of this algorithm is an approximation of foam geometry, by treating bubble particles as the sites of a weighted Voronoi diagram. The connectivity information provided by the Voronoi diagram allows us to accurately model various interaction effects among bubbles. Using Voronoi cells and weights, we can also explicitly address the volume loss issue in foam simulation, which is a common problem in previous approaches. Under this framework, we present a set of bubble interaction forces to handle miscellaneous foam behaviors , including foam structure under Plateau's laws, clusters formed by liquid surface bubbles, bubble-liquid and bubble-solid coupling, bursting and coalescing. Our experiment shows that this method can be straightforwardly incorporated into existing liquid simula-tors, and it can efficiently generate realistic foam animations, some of which have never been produced in graphics before.

Strong 3D Printing by TPMS Injection

“…Minimal surfaces have been studied extensively in the context of materials science and mechanical engineering [28]. In computer graphics, minimal surfaces have been introduced as novel modeling tools for animating dynamic liquid foams (e.g., coffee foam) [29] and double bubbles [30]. Pérez et al [31] explored the Kirchhoff-Plateau Surfaces in the context of fabrication, designed planar rod networks embedded in prestretched fabric that deploy into complex, three-dimensional shapes.…”

Review: Peran pakan pada kejadian kembung rumen

“…Tanaman kochia (Bassia prostrata L.) telah lama ditanam dan digunakan sebagai pakan di padang penggembalaan di Asia Tengah (Harrison et al, 2000;Waldron et al, 2005) dan ternyata tanaman tersebut dapat mengakibatkan bloat primer karena salah satu sebabnya adalah ukuran daun yang kecil sehingga meningkatkan potensi gas dan busa tertahan di dalam rumen. Selain hal tersebut di atas, kemungkinan lain adalah gelembung yang terbentuk selama fermentasi Bassia prostrata L. berukuran kecil sehingga memiliki tekanan internal yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan gelembung berukuran besar (Busaryev et al, 2012;Shenkoru et al, 2015).…”

Toward animating water with complex acoustic bubbles

“…These works almost exclusively aim for visually plausible simulations with large timesteps, and not for acoustic bubble computations. Because of their visual richness, a variety of methods have been developed for simulating air bubbles [Hong and Kim 2003;Hong and Kim 2005], and works range from tiny bubbles [Busaryev et al 2012] to large volumes of bubbles , and complex thinfilm interfaces [Da et al 2015]. These methods lack the ability to track individual acoustic bubbles while preserving their volumes accurately-for example, Kim et al [2007] artificially inflated bubbles to compensate for their volume change.…”