Aim:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of shell supplementation on the regulation of male reproduction in ratsMaterials and Methods:The zinc (Zn) level of shell from blood clam (Anadara granosa), green mussel (Perna viridis), and conch shell (Telescopium telescopium) was analyzed. The highest Zn content shell was fed to male Sprague Dawley rats for 0, 9, 30, and 50 days at the dose of either 0.09 mg/200 g BW or 0.18 mg/200 g BW. To determine the testosterone levels, blood was collected through the infraorbitalis sinus just before the rat was sacrificed. Testicular and brain were also collected for Cyp19 aromatase receptor analysis.Results:The Zn level in the shell of blood clam, green mussel, and conch shell 61.55 mg/kg, 2.78 mg/kg, and 3.93 mg/kg, respectively. The testosterone level of T1 group receiving 0.18 mg/200 g BW for 0, 9, 30, and 50 days was 1.42±0.59, 2.15±1.58, 2.98±2.53, and 8.11±2.03 ng/mL, respectively. The testosterone level of T2 group receiving 0.09 mg/200 g BW for 0, 9, 30, and 50 days was 2.50±0.32, 1.25±0.60, 3.87±3.27, and 3.54±0.23 ng/mL, respectively. The T3 group receiving Na-CMC showed the level of testosterone at days 0, 9, 30, and 50 days was 0.77±0.22, 1.99±1.65, 4.12±0.07, and 2.19±1.30 ng/mL, respectively. Finally, the T4 group receiving Zn showed testosterone levels at days 0, 9, 30, and 50 days was 0.51±0.58, 2.24±3.16, 4.58±1.97, and 2.89±0.20 ng/mL, respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the T1 group compared to the other groups. However, the absence of expression of Cyp19 aromatase both in Leydig cells and the brain indicated no conversion of testosterone to estradiol. To add, this finding showed the potential use of the shell to boost the testosterone level in male rats.Conclusion:Shell acted as an aromatase blocker to boost the testosterone level in male rats. This also indicates its promising application in birds to manipulate the quality of song and feather.

Background and Aim: This paper reports a retrospective study performed in 185 cats diagnosed with feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). The analyzed population involved feline patients at the Veterinary Clinic of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. This research aimed to evaluate the clinical indications and causes of FLUTD in the Yogyakarta cat population. Materials and Methods: The medical data of all feline patients were obtained to conduct this study. FLUTD diagnoses were based on physical examinations, urinalyses, ultrasound examinations, and bacterial cultures. Only cats with a complete examination were used in the study. The clinical signs were evaluated and accompanied by the results of laboratory tests in cats that showed symptoms of FLUTD. The medical history of all feline patients was analyzed thoroughly. Most of the feline's urine samples were collected by catheterization. Results: The most commonly diagnosed of FLUTD in the Yogyakarta cat population were: feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) (56%), urinary tract infection (UTI; 25%), urolithiasis (13%), urethral plugs (UP) (4.9%), and neoplasia (0.4%), respectively. The prevalence of UTI is higher than that reported in Europe or the US. Older cats more often show symptoms of UTI and neoplasia, whereas young cats more often show symptoms of FIC and UP. The prevalence of male cats experiencing FLUTD in Yogyakarta is much higher than female cats. Conclusion: The incidence rate of FLUTD cases in Yogyakarta is related to age and sex. The results of this study are similar to those of the previous research studies conducted in other countries.

:The basic reason for poor performance of livestock in developing countries includes Indonesia, is qualitative fluctuations in the feed. Therefore knowledge in utilizing agroindustry byproduct as feedstuff to meet the nutrient requirement of animals is important. Rice straw is a crop residue of rice production and can be used as a feed for ruminants because it is easily and cheaply available in many Asian countries. Rice straws have low nutritive value and it is generally limited by several factors such as the low nutritional quality due to high fiber content and lignification process. In Indonesia, rice straw has been widely utilized in livestock feeding systems, thus the need to improve them is imperative as they are an abundant crop residue. Much more attention has been paid to improving its feeding value in order to increase livestock productivity. Many processing methods to improve the nutritive value of rice straw have been investigated. These methods can be classified as physical, chemical or biological. Usually, processing methods improve the nutritive value of straw by increasing its digestible energy content, by increasing feed intake, or by a combination of the two. This paper aims to examine the potential of rice straw as basal feed livestock as well as efforts to improve their nutritional value.

Dermatitis pada kucing dapat disebabkan oleh Microsporum canis dan bersifat zoonotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pemeriksaan klinis, pemeriksaan laboratoris, isolasi, dan identifikasi kapang M. canis pada kucing penderita dermatitis. Kerokan kulit dari 30 ekor kucing yang secara klinis menunjukkan lesi dermatitis berupa kombinasi dari alopesia, eritema, papula, pustula, bersisik, dan berkerak digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pemeriksaan lesi klinis dan uji screening dengan lampu Wood's dilakukan sebelum pengambilan sampel. Sampel kerokan kulit dikultur pada media Sabouraud's dextrose agar, diinkubasi pada suhu 28°C dan diidentifikasi secara makroskopis. Koloni yang tumbuh diperiksa secara mikroskopis menggunakan pewarnaan Lactophenol Cotton Blue. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 17 dari 30 sampel (56,7%) teridentifikasi M. canis secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Lesi kulit yang ditemukan pada 17 kucing positif terinfeksi M. canis menunjukkan adanya eritema, alopesia, bersisik, dan berkerak dengan lokasi penyebaran pada telinga, badan, leher, punggung atau ekor. Kata-kata kunci: evaluasi klinis; Microsporum canis; dermatitis; kucing.

ABSTRAK:Masalah pemberian pakan pada ruminansia telah mendapat banyak perhatian di daerah tropis. Sebagian besar ruminansia mendapatkan pakan jerami berkualitas rendah, limbah tanaman pertanian dan industri. Saat ini urea telah banyak tersedia dan digunakan sebagai sumber amonia untuk memperbaiki nilai nutrisi dari berbagai macam hijauan serta limbah tanaman. Lebih lanjut, penambahan urea sebagai suplemen relatif mudah penanganannya untuk diaplikasikan, murah dan bermanfaat sebagai pengganti protein alami dalam ransum. Meskipun penggunaan urea sebagai suplemen pakan memiliki potensi keuntungan ekonomi sebagai sumber N, namun memiliki kelemahan dan keterbatasan pada penggunaannya. Pemberian urea yang berlebihan, pencampuran dalam pakan yang tidak merata atau kesalahan dalam penghitungan jumlah urea ke dalam ransum akan akan dapat mengakibatkan keracunan pada ternak. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk meringkas manfaat dan kemungkinan efek negatif penggunaan urea sebagai suplemen pakan ruminansia. Kata kunci: ruminansia, jerami, urea, suplemen, keracunanABSTRACT: The problems of ruminant feeding have received considerable attention in the tropics. Most ruminants are fed on low-quality roughages, agricultural crop-residues and industrial byproducts. Urea is widely available and has been used as a source of ammoniation to improve the feeding value of various grasses and crop residues. Furthermore, urea treatment as a supplement is relatively easy to apply, handling, inexpensive and valuable substitute for natural proteins in the ration. Although the use of urea has potential economic advantages for N sources, there are limitations and disadvantages to its use. Excess level of urea may a problem of urea toxicity, due to poor mixing of feed or to errors in calculating the amount of urea to add to the ration. This paper aims to summarize the benefits and possible negative effects of urea use as supplement to ruminants feed.