Anion exchange membrane fuel cells: Current status and remaining challenges

Gottesfeld, S.; Dekel, Dario R.; Page, Miles; Bae, Chulsung; Yan, Yushan; Zelenay, Piotr; Kim, Yu Seung

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.08.010

Cited by 784 publications

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“…Indeed, some very promising catalysts have already been identified. 3,[18][19][20][21][22][23] However, at the AEMFC anode, it is very likely (akin to the PEMFC cathode) that it will be difficult to move completely away from PGM-based catalysts, though this is presently an active area for research.24,25 Therefore, it is important for researchers in the field to investigate electrode compositions that allow for reduced catalyst loading -the most active hydrogen evolution catalyst known today is PtRu 26 -while still allowing for the water produced during the hydrogen oxidation to be properly managed, a crucial step in the successful operation of AEMFCs. 3,14,15 Properties of the catalyst layer such as structure, thickness, porosity, component chemistry, and * Electrochemical Society Student Member.…”

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“…3,14,15 Properties of the catalyst layer such as structure, thickness, porosity, component chemistry, and * Electrochemical Society Student Member. * * Electrochemical Society Member.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] There have been several major advancements in the materials and operational understanding of the AEMFC in the past few years, which have allowed AEMFCs to close the performance gap with PEMFCs. Improvements in membrane stability and conductivity have been at the forefront of the material improvements, with conductivities rivaling Nafion, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and an increasing number of membranes showing stability in highly alkaline environments (up to 2 M KOH at 80…”

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confidence: 99%

“…24,25 Therefore, it is important for researchers in the field to investigate electrode compositions that allow for reduced catalyst loading -the most active hydrogen evolution catalyst known today is PtRu 26 -while still allowing for the water produced during the hydrogen oxidation to be properly managed, a crucial step in the successful operation of AEMFCs. 3,14,15 Properties of the catalyst layer such as structure, thickness, porosity, component chemistry, and ionomer:carbon:catalyst ratio all have a significant effect on the water content and balance of the overall cell.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Strategies for Reducing the PGM Loading in High Power AEMFC Anodes

Omasta

Zhang²,

Park

et al. 2018

ECS Trans.

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Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (AEMFCs) have experienced a significant rise in attention in recent years, largely motivated by the potential to overcome the costs that have plateaued for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, despite significant advances in power generation, membrane conductivity, membrane stability, and catalyst activity, the vast majority of high performing AEMFCs are fabricated with a high PGM loading (0.4-0.8 mg cm −2 ). This work demonstrates an electrode fabrication method that reduces the anode catalyst loading by 85% while still achieving performance ca. 1 W cm −2 -accomplished by designing a multilayered electrode comprised of an optimized ionomer:carbon:PGM ratio catalyst layer coupled with a hydrophobic microporous layer. If paired with a high-performing PGM-free cathode, this new anode shows the potential to meet existing DOE PGM loading and performance targets. Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have received significant attention in recent years as a potentially lower cost electrochemical energy conversion device than proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).1-3 There have been several major advancements in the materials and operational understanding of the AEMFC in the past few years, which have allowed AEMFCs to close the performance gap with PEMFCs. Improvements in membrane stability and conductivity have been at the forefront of the material improvements, with conductivities rivaling Nafion, 4-10 and an increasing number of membranes showing stability in highly alkaline environments (up to 2 M KOH at 80• C) for 100s or even 1000s of hours. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Additionally, catalyst layer engineering that allows for improved water management, both on the macro-scale 14 and on the micro-scale, 15 has led to AEMFCs that are able to achieve peak power densities nearing 2 W cm −2 and demonstrate operational stability exceeding 500 hours. These are crucial steps toward the realization of commercially viable AEMFCs; however, there remain additional hurdles to overcome, specifically AEMFCs with low platinum group metal (PGM) loadings that are able to not only achieve high power densities but sustain them over long term operation. 12In order to reduce the PGM loading in operating AEMFCs, there will need to be at least some development of non-PGM catalysts. Due to differences in the water dissociation behavior in alkaline media, 16 the kinetics for the hydrogen oxidation reaction are hindered in alkaline media compared to acid media. 17 The opposite is true of the oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode; therefore, it is more likely that the AEMFC will see a high performance PGM-free cathode electrode. Indeed, some very promising catalysts have already been identified. 3,[18][19][20][21][22][23] However, at the AEMFC anode, it is very likely (akin to the PEMFC cathode) that it will be difficult to move completely away from PGM-based catalysts, though this is presently an active area for research.24,25 Therefore, it is important for researchers in the field to ...

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“…3,14,15 Properties of the catalyst layer such as structure, thickness, porosity, component chemistry, and * Electrochemical Society Student Member. * * Electrochemical Society Member.…”

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confidence: 99%