“…Because of their adjustable surface morphology, distinctive crystal structure, and intrinsic catalytic properties, transition metal oxides have received a lot of technological and scientific attention [1]. Among these, hematite α-Fe 2 O 3 has recently been discovered as an important alternative and promising candidate for solar photocatalysis, which can degrade organic dyes with excellent photo-oxidation activity [2,3]. Iron oxide α-Fe 2 O 3 (Hematite), the most stable iron oxide with a rhombo-hexagonal structure, has received extensive research, especially in photocatalytic applications, due to its low-cost, non-toxicity, exceptional stability, excellent anti-ferromagnetic characteristics, simple recovery [4,5], and appropriate band gap energy Eg (2.0-2.3 eV).…”