Phase transitions can occur in certain materials such
as transition
metal oxides (TMOs) and chalcogenides when there is a change in external
conditions such as temperature and pressure. Along with phase transitions
in these phase change materials (PCMs) come dramatic contrasts in
various physical properties, which can be engineered to manipulate
electrons, photons, polaritons, and phonons at the nanoscale, offering
new opportunities for reconfigurable, active nanodevices. In this
review, we particularly discuss phase-transition-enabled active nanotechnologies
in nonvolatile electrical memory, tunable metamaterials, and metasurfaces
for manipulation of both free-space photons and in-plane polaritons,
and multifunctional emissivity control in the infrared (IR) spectrum.
The fundamentals of PCMs are first introduced to explain the origins
and principles of phase transitions. Thereafter, we discuss multiphysical
nanodevices for electronic, photonic, and thermal management, attesting
to the broad applications and exciting promises of PCMs. Emerging
trends and valuable applications in all-optical neuromorphic devices,
thermal data storage, and encryption are outlined in the end.