Anisotropy of light propagation in human skin

Nickell, Stephan; Hermann, Marcus; Essenpreis, Matthias; Farrell, Thomas J.; Krämer, Uwe; Patterson, Michael S.

doi:10.1088/0031-9155/45/10/310

Cited by 152 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The actual diffraction angle was sampled based on the relative efficiencies of all diffraction orders and was used as the new photon direction. In addition, to consider the fibrous effect, different scattering probabilities (scattering coefficients) were assigned to the interaction direction parallel and perpendicular to the muscle fibers [2,5]. This process was continued until photon lost its energy due to absorption or photon was transmitted out of the medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging 2D optical diffuse reflectance in skeletal muscle

Ranasinghesagara¹,

Yao²

2007

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We discovered a unique pattern of optical reflectance from fresh prerigor skeletal muscles, which can not be described using existing theories. A numerical fitting function was developed to quantify the equiintensity contours of acquired reflectance images. Using this model, we studied the changes of reflectance profile during stretching and rigor process. We found that the prominent anisotropic features diminished after rigor completion. These results suggested that muscle sarcomere structures played important roles in modulating light propagation in whole muscle. When incorporating the sarcomere diffraction in a Monte Carlo model, we showed that the resulting reflectance profiles quantitatively resembled the experimental observation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging 2D optical diffuse reflectance in skeletal muscle

Ranasinghesagara¹,

Yao²

2007

Opt. Express

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“…Our subsurface measurement device is an image-based version of a fiber optic spectrometer with a linear array of optical fiber detectors [Nickell et al 2000] (see Figure 8). Similarly, more so- The source fiber is lit.…”

Section: Measuring Translucencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of human faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model

Weyrich

Jensen

Groß

et al. 2006

ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers on - SIGGRAPH '06

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PhotographRendering Original Model Appearance Change Figure 1: Photograph compared to a face rendered using our skin reflectance model. The rendered image was composited on top of the photograph. Right: Changing the albedo and BRDF using statistics of measured model parameters from a sample population. AbstractWe have measured 3D face geometry, skin reflectance, and subsurface scattering using custom-built devices for 149 subjects of varying age, gender, and race. We developed a novel skin reflectance model whose parameters can be estimated from measurements. The model decomposes the large amount of measured skin data into a spatially-varying analytic BRDF, a diffuse albedo map, and diffuse subsurface scattering. Our model is intuitive, physically plausible, and -since we do not use the original measured data -easy to edit as well. High-quality renderings come close to reproducing real photographs. The analysis of the model parameters for our sample population reveals variations according to subject age, gender, skin type, and external factors (e.g., sweat, cold, or makeup). Using our statistics, a user can edit the overall appearance of a face (e.g., changing skin type and age) or change small-scale features using texture synthesis (e.g., adding moles and freckles). We are making the collected statistics publicly available to the research community for applications in face synthesis and analysis.

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“…Internal reflection may be strong at boundaries between two media (or tissues) with different refractive indices as this may be the case on the surface of organs. 12 …”

Section: Reflection and Refractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At a given position, the scattering coefficient can vary by a factor of 2 between different positions. 12 This was suggested to be due to the spatial organization of the dermis where oriented collagen fibers are present. Imaging is easy close to the surface, but becomes difficult deep in the tissue due to blurring and adsorption.…”

Section: Light Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical imaging of in vivo gene expression: a critical assessment of the methodology and associated technologies

et al. 2004

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Following and quantifying the expression of reporter gene expression in vivo is very important to monitor the expression of therapeutic genes in targeted tissues in disease models and/or to assess the effectiveness of systems of gene therapy delivery. Gene expression of luminescent or fluorescent proteins can be detected directly on living animals by simply observing the associated optical signals by means of a cooled charged-coupled device camera. More accurate resolution can be obtained with more sophisticated technologies. Time-course and quasi-quantitative monitoring of the expression can be obtained on a given animal and followed on a large time window. The present paper describes the physical and technological methodologies and associated problems of in vivo optical imaging. Several examples of in vivo detection of gene delivery are described.

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Anisotropy of light propagation in human skin

Cited by 152 publications

References 19 publications

Imaging 2D optical diffuse reflectance in skeletal muscle

Imaging 2D optical diffuse reflectance in skeletal muscle

Analysis of human faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model

Optical imaging of in vivo gene expression: a critical assessment of the methodology and associated technologies

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