Anisotropy of spin relaxation and transverse transport in metals

Mokrousov, Yuriy; Zhang, Hongbin; Freimuth, Frank; Zimmermann, Bernd; Long, Nguyễn Hoàng; Weischenberg, Jürgen; Souza, Ivo; Mavropoulos, Phivos; Blügel, Stefan

doi:10.1088/0953-8984/25/16/163201

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…It is therefore reasonable to consider that the stronger SOI induced by the presence of the Pt gives rise to skew scattering that has a larger "skew angle," albeit at a similar overall scattering rate, leading to a higher anomalous Hall conductivity, suggesting the proportionality σ A xy ∝ ξ , where ξ rises linearly in x as the introduction of Pt increases the overall SOI strength from the low initial level found in undoped Py. While this proportionality is certainly not to be expected in general [18], if the SOI strength is rather small, then the spin-conserving transitions will dominate and the scaling of ρ A xy with the SOI strength ξ should be dominated by a linear term [19].…”

Section: B Magnetotransportmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Spin-orbit interaction enhancement in permalloy thin films by Pt doping

et al. 2016

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The spin-orbit interaction is an inherent part of magnetism, which links up the independent world of spins to the atomic lattice, thus controlling many functional properties of magnetic materials. In the widely used 3d transition metal ferromagnetic films, the spin-orbit interaction is relatively weak, due to low atomic number. Here we show that it is possible to enhance and tune the spin-orbit interaction by adding 5d platinum dopants into permalloy (Ni 81 Fe 19 ) thin films by a cosputtering technique. This is achieved without significant changes of the magnetic properties, due to the vicinity of Pt to meeting the Stoner criterion for the ferromagnetic state. The spin-orbit interaction is investigated by means of transport measurements (the anisotropic magnetoresistance and anomalous Hall effect), ferromagnetic resonance measurements to determine the Gilbert damping, as well as by measuring the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the L 3 and L 2 x-ray absorption edges to reveal the ratio of orbital to spin magnetic moments. It is shown that the effective spin-orbit interaction increases with Pt concentration within the 0%-10% Pt concentration range in a way that is consistent with theoretical expectations for all four measurements.

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Section: B Magnetotransportmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Permalloy (Py = Ni 81 Fe 19 ) is a widely used material due to its unique properties combining a small magnetocrystalline anisotropy and a negligible magnetostriction constant. Besides these properties it has also high relative permeability, the property that initially attracted attention to it [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin-orbit interaction enhancement in permalloy thin films by Pt doping

et al. 2016

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“…As discussed in Ref. 25,29,30,38, there is no theoretical limit on the value of anisotropy, and as a consequence, this value depends very much on the material parameters.…”

Section: B Spin Relaxation Due To Self-adatom Impuritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin relaxation and spin Hall transport in5dtransition-metal ultrathin films

et al. 2014

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The spin relaxation induced by the Elliott-Yafet mechanism and the extrinsic spin Hall conductivity due to the skew-scattering are investigated in 5d transition-metal ultrathin films with self-adatom impurities as scatterers. The values of the Elliott-Yafet parameter and of the spin-flip relaxation rate reveal a correlation with each other that is in agreement with the Elliott approximation. At 10-layer thickness, the spin-flip relaxation time in 5d transition-metal films is quantitatively reported about few hundred nanoseconds at atomic percent which is one and two orders of magnitude shorter than that in Au and Cu thin films, respectively. The anisotropy effect of the Elliott-Yafet parameter and of the spin-flip relaxation rate with respect to the direction of the spin-quantization axis in relation to the crystallographic axes is also analyzed. We find that the anisotropy of the spin-flip relaxation rate is enhanced due to the Rashba surface states on the Fermi surface, reaching values as high as 97% in 10-layer Hf(0001) film or 71% in 10-layer W(110) film. Finally, the spin Hall conductivity as well as the spin Hall angle due to the skew-scattering off self-adatom impurities are calculated using the Boltzmann approach. Our calculations employ a relativistic version of the first-principles full-potential Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green function method.

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“…In addition, the recent work in non-collinear magnetically ordered states and the related topological Hall effect [7][8][9] not only has renewed the pivotal role of SOC through the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction [10][11][12], but also has presented a possibility to employ these findings for functional components in magnetic devices [13,14]. Non-collinear magnetic ordering is also suggested to possibly manifest spin-orbit coupling in a complex manner, through the DM interaction [12,15,16]. Consequently, the modification of electronic structure by spin-orbit coupling is expected to make in-plane electrical transport sensitive to the magnetization orientation relative to the plane.…”

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confidence: 99%

Out-of-plane spin-orientation dependent magnetotransport properties in the anisotropic helimagnetCr1/3NbS2

et al. 2015

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Understanding the role of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) has been crucial to controlling magnetic anisotropy in magnetic multilayer films [1][2][3][4]. It has been shown that electronic structure can be altered via interface SOC by varying the superlattice structure, resulting in spontaneous magnetization perpendicular or parallel to the plane [5,6]. In lieu of magnetic thin films, we study the similarly anisotropic helimagnet Cr 1/3 NbS2, where the spin polarization direction, controlled by the applied magnetic field, can modify the electronic structure. As a result, the direction of spin polarization can modulate the density of states, and in turn affect the in-plane electrical conductivity. In Cr 1/3 NbS2, we found an enhancement of in-plane conductivity when the spin polarization is out-of-plane, as compared to in-plane spin polarization. This is consistent with the increase of density of states near the Fermi energy at the same spin configuration, found from first principles calculations. We also observe unusual field dependence of the Hall signal in the same temperature range. This is unlikely to originate from the non-collinear spin texture, but rather further indicates strong dependence of electronic structure on spin orientation relative to the plane. PACS numbers:Despite the fact that its typical energy scale in 3d ferromagnetic metals is small compared to other relevant scales such as band widths, SOC mixes the nature of the spin and orbital components of the Bloch state in a nontrivial way and leads to a variety of electrical transport phenomena e.g. the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR), and the planar Hall effect. In addition, the recent work in non-collinear magnetically ordered states and the related topological Hall effect [7][8][9] not only has renewed the pivotal role of SOC through the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction [10][11][12], but also has presented a possibility to employ these findings for functional components in magnetic devices [13,14]. Non-collinear magnetic ordering is also suggested to possibly manifest spin-orbit coupling in a complex manner, through the DM interaction [12,15,16]. Consequently, the modification of electronic structure by spin-orbit coupling is expected to make in-plane electrical transport sensitive to the magnetization orientation relative to the plane.Cr 1/3 NbS 2 has a layered crystalline structure, in which 3d transition metal Cr atoms are intercalated in the hexagonal 2H-type NbS 2 matrix as trivalent ions and magnetically order at T C = 133 K. The ferromagnetic layers of Cr 3+ lie coplanar with the crystallographic abplanes and the magnetic helix propagates along the caxis with a long pitch of 48 nm, corresponding to 40 unit cells [17]. Its helimagnetic ordering is attributed to the DM interaction, which originates from a broken inversion symmetry shared by all members of space group P 6 3 22 [17][18][19].

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Anisotropy of spin relaxation and transverse transport in metals

Cited by 24 publications

References 93 publications

Spin-orbit interaction enhancement in permalloy thin films by Pt doping

Spin-orbit interaction enhancement in permalloy thin films by Pt doping

Spin relaxation and spin Hall transport in5dtransition-metal ultrathin films

Out-of-plane spin-orientation dependent magnetotransport properties in the anisotropic helimagnetCr1/3NbS2

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