Annealing-induced changes in chemical bonding and surface characteristics of chemical solution deposited Pb0.95La0.05Zr0.54Ti0.46O3 thin films

Abstract

We report the effect of post deposition annealing temperature (T a = 550 and 750 o C) on the surface morphology, chemical bonding and structural development of Lanthanum doped lead zirconate titanate (Pb 0.95 La 0.05 Zr 0.54 Ti 0.46 O 3 ; referred to PLZT) thin films prepared using chemical solution deposition method. Atomic force microscopy demonstrates formation of nanocrystallites in the film annealed at T a =750 o C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses indicate that the binding energies (BE) of the Pb 4f , Zr 3d, and Ti 2p doublet experience a positive energy shift at T a = 750 o C, whereas the BE of O 1s and La 3d doublet show negative shift with respect to the BE of the films annealed at T a =550 o C. Thermal induced crystallization and chemical modification is evident from XPS results. The Ar+ sputtering of the films reveal change in oxidation state and chemical bonding between the constituent atoms, with respect to T a. Raman spectroscopy used to study phonon-light interactions show the shift in longitudinal and transverse optical modes with the change in T a , confirming the change in phase and crystallinity of these films. The results suggest annealing at T a = 750 o C yield crystalline perovskite PLZT films, which is essential to obtain photovoltaic response from devices based on such films.

Correlation between structural, magnetic and ferroelectric properties of Fe-doped (Ba-Ca)TiO3 lead-free piezoelectric

“…The peak located at lower binding energy corresponds to the O 1s core level, which is an indicative of oxygen bonded in BCT8. The higher binding energy peak at 530.44 eV is ascribed to the surface contamination such as carbon oxides or hydroxides[44][45][46][47]. Overall, the results confirm that the BCT8 samples are composed of only the elements Ba, Ca, Ti and O in its stoichiometric form with no contamination or extra phase formation.The high-resolution XPS spectra of Ba 3d and Ca 2p of the Fe-doped BCT8 samples are shown inFig.…”

Y-Doped Na2ZrO3: A Na-Rich Layered Oxide as a High-Capacity Cathode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…XPS analyses are performed on pristine, charged to 4.5 V, and discharged to 1.5 V Y-doped Na 2 ZrO 3 merterials (Figure ). As shown in Figure a, the Zr 3d spectra of the as-prepared and charged–discharged samples exhibit a spin–orbit doublet of Zr 3d 3/2 and 3d 5/2 , corresponding to Zr 4+ , located at BE values of 184.4 and 182.1 eV, respectively . Characterization of O 1s spectra suggests that O 2– /O 2 2– is related to the sodium extraction–insertion processes.…”

“…As shown in Figure 7a, the Zr 3d spectra of the as-prepared and charged− discharged samples exhibit a spin−orbit doublet of Zr 3d 3/2 and 3d 5/2 , corresponding to Zr 4+ , located at BE values of 184.4 and 182.1 eV, respectively. 36 in the crystal lattice, 37 the 531 eV band is probably assigned to oxygen ions in the subsurface that have a deficient coordination number, 38,39 and the 532.2 and 535.5 eV peaks belong to the weakly adsorbed surface species. 40 Upon cycling to 4.5 V, the O 1s spectrum markedly changes, and the component at 531.6 eV indicates CO bonds in polycarbonates, implying the decomposition of electrolyte solvents.…”

Electrochemical paraquat sensor based on lead oxide nanoparticles

“…The higher peak intensity of Pb-O bonds presented the more content of the PbO formation with an energy separation of 4.9 eV. [35][36][37][38][39] In Fig. 3d, the de-convoluted O 1s state shows the signal peak that can be tted from ve peaks by Gaussian-Lorentzian curves.…”