Annual succession of marine pelagic protozoans in Disko Bay, West Greenland, with emphasis on winter dynamics

Levinsen, Henrik; Nielsen, Torkel Gissel; Hansen, Benni Winding

doi:10.3354/meps206119

Cited by 71 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, our data are in line with post-bloom MZP biomass reported for other coastal Arctic regions, e.g. Disko Bay, West Greenland (Levinsen et al, 2000;Hansen et al, 2003). In good agreement to Hodal et al (2012), small-sized ciliates and dinoflagellates were of minor importance while large-sized ciliates and dinoflagellates dominated the MZP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

High tolerance of microzooplankton to ocean acidification in an Arctic coastal plankton community

et al. 2013

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Impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on marine biota have been observed in a wide range of marine systems. We used a mesocosm approach to study the response of a high Arctic coastal microzooplankton community during the post-bloom period in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) to direct and indirect effects of high pCO₂/low pH. We found almost no direct effects of OA on microzooplankton composition and diversity. Both the relative shares of ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates as well as the taxonomic composition of microzooplankton remained unaffected by changes in pCO₂/pH. Although the different pCO₂ treatments affected food availability and phytoplankton composition, no indirect effects (e.g. on the total carrying capacity and phenology of microzooplankton) could be observed. Our data point to a high tolerance of this Arctic microzooplankton community to changes in pCO₂/pH. Future studies on the impact of OA on plankton communities should include microzooplankton in order to test whether the observed low sensitivity to OA is typical for coastal communities where changes in seawater pH occur frequently

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

High tolerance of microzooplankton to ocean acidification in an Arctic coastal plankton community

et al. 2013

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“…The surface winter communities would have access to small planktonic species such as Micromonas (Lovejoy et al, 2007), haptophytes, and smaller heterotrophic flagellates (Terrado et al, 2011). The relative scarcity of food resources during winter likely selected for particular groups as reported for Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (Seuthe et al, 2011), and Disko Bay (Levinsen et al, 2000;Levinsen and Nielsen, 2002). Dinoflagellates can also graze on smaller ciliates using pseudopodia or feeding veils Anderson, 1986, 1996).…”

Section: Ecological Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Interannual Changes in Ciliate and Dinoflagellate Species Assemblages in the Arctic Ocean (Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea, Canada)

et al. 2017

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Recent studies have focused on how climate change could drive changes in phytoplankton communities in the Arctic. In contrast, ciliates and dinoflagellates that can contribute substantially to the mortality of phytoplankton have received less attention. Some dinoflagellate and ciliate species can also contribute to net photosynthesis, which suggests that species composition could reflect food web complexity. To identify potential seasonal and annual species occurrence patterns and to link species with environmental conditions, we first examined the seasonal pattern of microzooplankton and then performed an in-depth analysis of interannual species variability. We used high-throughput amplicon sequencing to identify ciliates and dinoflagellates to the lowest taxonomic level using a curated Arctic 18S rRNA gene database. DNA-and RNA-derived reads were generated from samples collected from the Canadian Arctic from November 2007 to July 2008. The proportion of ciliate reads increased in the surface toward summer, when salinity was lower and smaller phytoplankton prey were abundant, while chloroplastidic dinoflagellate species increased at the subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM), where inorganic nutrient concentrations were higher. Comparing communities collected in summer and fall from 2003 to 2010, we found that microzooplankton community composition change was associated with the record ice minimum in the summer of 2007. Specifically, reads from smaller predatory species like Laboea, Monodinium, and Strombidium and several unclassified ciliates increased in the summer after 2007, while the other usually summer-dominant dinoflagellate taxa decreased. The ability to exploit smaller prey, which are predicted to dominate the future Arctic, could be an advantage for these smaller ciliates in the wake of the changing climate.

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“…Relatively large heterotrophic protists are abundant in the low-chlorophyll a surface water of stratified arctic ecosystems after the main spring/summer bloom of diatoms (Levinsen et al , 2000. During this period small-sized phytoplankton closer to the lower limit of capture by copepods dominate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the trophic coupling between protists and copepods in arctic marine ecosystems

Levinsen¹,

Turner²,

Nielsen³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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215

127

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Grazing experiments were conducted at different seasons with the large Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus, and the small Acartia longiremis in Disko Bay, West Greenland and Young Sound, NE Greenland. Female copepods incubated in 200 µm screened natural water preferred large protists. Thus, particularly during the post-bloom period, the relatively large heterotrophic protists (ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates) contributed substantially to the trophic coupling between protists and copepods. However, low grazing by C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus in mid-June suggests that large parts of the populations of these species had terminated feeding at this time, prior to overwintering. Clearance increased with ciliate and dinoflagellate size above 10 µm equivalent spherical diameter (ESD), equal to the size of the smallest heterotrophic protists. At a size of 30 to 40 µm ESD maximum clearance was observed. Grazing on Phaeocystis single cells of 5 µm by C. finmarchicus showed a lower size-limit for capture of this species < 5 µm which contrasts with C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus, which had a lower size-limit near 10 µm. In addition to size and relative concentrations of phytoplankton and heterotrophic protists, prey and/or predator behavior is suggested to play an important role for copepod feeding.

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Annual succession of marine pelagic protozoans in Disko Bay, West Greenland, with emphasis on winter dynamics

Cited by 71 publications

References 56 publications

High tolerance of microzooplankton to ocean acidification in an Arctic coastal plankton community

High tolerance of microzooplankton to ocean acidification in an Arctic coastal plankton community

Seasonal and Interannual Changes in Ciliate and Dinoflagellate Species Assemblages in the Arctic Ocean (Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea, Canada)

On the trophic coupling between protists and copepods in arctic marine ecosystems

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