Annulin, a protein expressed at limb segment boundaries in the grasshopper embryo, is homologous to protein cross-linking transglutaminases

Singer, Matthew A.; Hortsch, Michael; Goodman, Corey S.; Bentley, David

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(92)90055-l

Cited by 55 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…which was used at a dilution of 1:300: (2) inv4D9: this was provided by Dr. Nipam Pate1 and'was used at a dilution of 1:60; (3) 7H7 was provided by Dr. N. Pate1 (Bastiani et al, 1992;Singer et al, 1992) and was used at a dilution of 1:60; (4) the @-tubulin antibody was from Amersham and was used at a dilution of 1:300; (5) anti+galactosidase antibodies were from Promega and were used at 1:300. The secondary antibody was goat anti-mouse, HRP or PITC conjugated, and was obtained from Jackson ImmunoResearch (11 l-035-003 and 11 l-095-003, respectively).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…lA,B,H). To determine whether they are glia, we stained dye-injected cultured embryos with MAb 7H7, which recognizes the plasma membrane protein annulin (Singer et al, 1992). After 40%, annulin expression in the CNS is restricted to midline glia (Bastiani et al, 1992), and we have found that 7H7 stains most or all glial processes.…”

Section: Tracing Cell Lineage At the Cns Midlinementioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The grasshopper median neuroblast is a multipotent progenitor cell that generates glia and neurons in distinct temporal phases

Condron

Zinn

1994

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The midline of the insect CNS provides a good system for studying the control of neuronal and glial cell fates, because it contains a small number of distinct cell types that arise from a unique set of precursors.In this report we analyze the development of the CNS midline in the grasshopper embryo, focusing on the median neuroblast (MNB) cluster, which contains the majority of midline neurons. We have directly traced cell lineage in the MNB cluster by injecting the MNB with tracer dyes and following the development of its progeny in whole embryo cultures. As least three types of neuronal progeny are labeled with tracer dye in these experiments. In addition, we find that all of the midline glia are also derived from the MNB. Thus, this neuroblast is actually a multipotent progenitor cell. We also examined the temporal and spatial patterns of midline development by staining embryos with antibodies to neuronal and glial markers and to the protein product of the engrailedgene, which is transiently expressed by all MNB progeny. Our data show that neuronal and glial progeny are generated from the MNB in distinct temporal phases. A change in the orientation of the MNB's mitotic spindle correlates with the transition between two of the phases of progeny production.[Key words: insect newous system development, CM midline, lineage tracing, g/is, engrailed] The development of the CNS midline has been intensively studied in both orthopterans (the grasshopper Schistocerca and the locust Locusta migratoria) and dipterans (the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster). The CNS midline in all of these embryos lies between the paired longitudinal tracts. It is derived from the mesectoderm, which is located at the boundary between mesoderm and lateral neuroepithelium in the blastoderm embryo. Mesectodermal cells have morphologies and patterns of gene expression that are different from those oflateral neuroepithelial cells, and a distinct group of "midline genes" controls the development of the CNS midline (Klambt et al., 199 1). Thus, the insect CNS midline provides a good system in which to study

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tracing Cell Lineage At the Cns Midlinementioning

confidence: 97%

The grasshopper median neuroblast is a multipotent progenitor cell that generates glia and neurons in distinct temporal phases

Condron

Zinn

1994

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All evolved from a common ancestor and show strong sequence conservation in a number of regions including that containing the acyl-accepting cysteine of the active site. This common ancestry is shared with the arthropod TGases of limulus hemocytes (18) and locust embryos (19). The bacterial TGase from Streptoverticillium mobaraense appears to have evolved independently (20) as have the filarial parasite TGases, which also have protein disulfide isomerase activity (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of 101-kDa Transglutaminase from Physarum polycephalum and Identification of LAV1-2 as Substrate

Mottahedeh

Marsh

1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plasmodial transglutaminase of Physarum polycephalum was purified by anion exchange and hydrophobic chromatography. Gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicate that it is a monomer of 96 -101 kDa. It is Ca 2؉ -dependent, with half-maximal activity at 0.7 mM Ca 2؉ . Optimal activity occurs at pH 7.5 and at 50 mM KCl. Inactivation by N-ethylmaleimide indicates that it is a thiol enzyme. With N,N-dimethylcasein as substrate, the K m for monodansylcadaverine is 33.9 ؎ 1.8 M. Damage of plasmodia by brief treatment with 15% ethanol activates the transglutaminase, with rapid accumulation of cross-linked proteins unable to enter gels during SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Added monodansylcadaverine is conjugated principally to LAV1-2, a plasmodia-specific 40-kDa protein with four EF-hand sequences believed to bind Ca 2؉ . Actin is seen as an additional substrate only in plasmodial homogenates. Immunoblots show that upon ethanol treatment, a portion of LAV1-2 is modified quickly and shifts to 36 kDa; another portion is cross-linked to itself or other proteins. The modification of LAV1-2 may lead to localized release of Ca 2؉ and activation of transglutaminase for walling off damaged areas of plasmodia. No significant increase in amount of the transglutaminase occurs during starvation-induced differentiation of plasmodia to form spherules, but a 50% reduction in the amount of total protein leads to a doubling in the specific mass of the TGase. Neither the transglutaminase nor LAV1-2 is found in the ameboid form of the organism.

show abstract

“…A possible involvement of TGase C in organogenesis was suggested by retinoid-induced teratogenesis, which is accompanied by an increased expression of TGase C during organogenesis of the limb bud of mid-gestation mouse embryos (Jiang and Kochhar 1992). Annulin, a protein that has an amino acid sequence homologous to TGase, was found to be expressed at limb segment boundaries in the grasshopper embryo and has been suggested to play a role in organogenesis (Singer et al 1992). A transient high expression of TGase C coincides with the development of tubulo-alveolar structures suggesting that TGase C plays a role in morphogenesis in developing human salivary gland (Lee et al 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Expression of Transglutaminase C During Prenatal Development of Human Muscles

Lee

Park

et al. 2000

J Histochem Cytochem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

S U M M A R YTissue transglutaminase (TGase C, TGase II) is known to participate in cellular processes during morphogenesis, differentiation, and development of various prenatal tissues and organs. The expression of TGase C during myoblast proliferation and attachment to external laminae was examined by immunohistochemical (IH) localization at 5-12 weeks of developmental stages of prenatal human muscle in 23 embryos. IH detection using a monospecific antibody to TGase C showed a prominent expression of TGase C in muscle cells as stage-and spatial-specific patterns during an early embryonal period. The myoblasts of intervertebral, tongue, and limb muscles, attached to adjacent cartilaginous skeletons or fibrous fascia, showed a pronounced expression of TGase C at 5-6, 6-7, and 7-8 weeks after fertilization, respectively. The most intense activity of TGase C was observed in some cardiac myoblasts infiltrating into endocardial mesenchyme at 6-7 weeks after fertilization. Although weak staining was detected until 14 weeks after fertilization, the level of TGase C expression in all muscles was significantly decreased after 6-7 weeks, with the exception that the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and gastrointestinal tract showed diffusely intense staining of TGase C between 5 and 12 weeks after fertilization. Western blotting analysis of the cellular extracts of pooled samples showed a single strong band at 80 kD at 6 weeks after fertilization. This band became weaker after 8-10 weeks of prenatal development. These findings of transient expression of TGase C, which coincides with the development of myoblast anchoring and differentiation, suggest that TGase C plays a role in myoblast attachment to the extracellular laminae during the early embryonal period.

show abstract

Annulin, a protein expressed at limb segment boundaries in the grasshopper embryo, is homologous to protein cross-linking transglutaminases

Cited by 55 publications

References 41 publications

The grasshopper median neuroblast is a multipotent progenitor cell that generates glia and neurons in distinct temporal phases

The grasshopper median neuroblast is a multipotent progenitor cell that generates glia and neurons in distinct temporal phases

Characterization of 101-kDa Transglutaminase from Physarum polycephalum and Identification of LAV1-2 as Substrate

Transient Expression of Transglutaminase C During Prenatal Development of Human Muscles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About