Anode Mass Cover as an Aluminum Electrolyzer Subsystem

Шахрай, С. Г.; Polyakov, P. V.; Arkhipov, G. V.; Shaidulin, Eugene; Sman, A. V.

doi:10.1007/s11015-015-0051-3

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Reducing air burn, for example, by covering the upper part of the anodes more carefully to limit contact with oxygen from the ambient air, ,, has a great potential to cut direct emissions (−5.5% in 2017). Since it has little influence on the bath chemistry, it might prove easier to implement than improving alumina reduction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systemic Approaches for Emission Reduction in Industrial Plants Based on Physical Accounting: Example for an Aluminum Smelter

Billy

Monnier

Nybakke

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting in industrial plants usually has multiple purposes, including mandatory reporting, shareholder and stakeholder communication, developing key performance indicators (KPIs), or informing cost-effective mitigation options. Current carbon accounting systems, such as the one required by the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), ignore the system context in which emissions occur. This hampers the identification and evaluation of comprehensive mitigation strategies considering linkages between materials, energy, and emissions. Here, we propose a carbon accounting method based on multilevel material flow analysis (MFA), which aims at addressing this gap. Using a Norwegian primary aluminum production plant as an example, we analyzed the material stocks and flows within this plant for total mass flows of goods as well as substances such as aluminum and carbon. The results show that the MFA-based accounting (i) is more robust than conventional tools due to mass balance consistency and higher granularity, (ii) allows monitoring the performance of the company and defines meaningful KPIs, (iii) can be used as a basis for the EU ETS reporting and linked to internal reporting, (iv) enables the identification and evaluation of systemic solutions and resource efficiency strategies for reducing emissions, and (v) has the potential to save costs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since it has little influence on the bath chemistry, it might prove easier to implement than improving alumina reduction. Increasing the thickness of the anode cover material (ACM), novel coating techniques, and other technologies could further help to meet this ambition. − …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Approaches for Emission Reduction in Industrial Plants Based on Physical Accounting: Example for an Aluminum Smelter

Billy

Monnier

Nybakke

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…It was used to describe the temperature evolution, crust formation and evolution, phase change and composition content in the anode cap. Shakhrai et al (2015) proposed that modern anode cover consisted of four layers: unfired dust material, solid crust, solid layer and liquid phase. LeBreux et al (2016) presented a model for predicting the anode coverage behaviour, including the transformation of the ACM of the particles into a solid shell, the melting/solidification of the electrolysis cell, and the shell inside the electrolysis cell, and the heat flux dissipated by the ACM.…”

Section: Aluminium Electrolysis Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of aluminium electrolysis and the waste generated by it

Liu

Zhang

2023

Waste Manag Res

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Aluminium is produced by electrolysis using alumina (Al2O3) as raw material and cryolite (Na3AlF6) as electrolyte. In this Hall–Héroult process, the energy consumption is relatively large, and solid wastes such as spent anodes and spent pot liner, flue gas and waste heat are generated. Therefore, this article discusses from the perspective of high energy consumption and high pollution and summarizes the methods to reduce energy consumption and solve pollution problems. The functions of carbon anode, carbon cathode, refractory material and sidewall in aluminium electrolysis cells are discussed in detail. The process of aluminium electrolysis and the ways to improve the current efficiency of aluminium electrolysis cells and reduce their energy consumption are outlined. The causes and treatment methods of spent anodes, spent cathodes, spent refractories and spent spot liner are reviewed. The research progress of waste heat recovery and aluminium electrolysis flue gas purification are analysed. And the future research directions of aluminium electrolysis flue gas are provided.

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Simulation of the Aluminum Electrolysis Process in a High-Current Electrolytic Cell in Modern Software

Smolnikov

Sharikov

2020

Metallurgist

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Anode Mass Cover as an Aluminum Electrolyzer Subsystem

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Systemic Approaches for Emission Reduction in Industrial Plants Based on Physical Accounting: Example for an Aluminum Smelter

Systemic Approaches for Emission Reduction in Industrial Plants Based on Physical Accounting: Example for an Aluminum Smelter

A comprehensive review of aluminium electrolysis and the waste generated by it

Simulation of the Aluminum Electrolysis Process in a High-Current Electrolytic Cell in Modern Software

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