Anode water removal: A water management and diagnostic technique for solid polymer fuel cells

Voss, H.H.; Wilkinson, David P.; Pickup, Peter G.; Johnson, Mark; Basura, Vesna I.

doi:10.1016/0013-4686(94)00266-4

Cited by 123 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In this way an increase in the ability of the stream to carry water vapor is achieved and thus a substantial portion of water could be removed at the cathode [33,34]. Other strategies to mitigate flooding known as the manipulation of the operating conditions of the FC, such as increasing the cathode gas flow-rate [33,35,36], flushing the cathode periodically with a high air flow-rate for a short time [36,37], and shaking or orienting the FC during its operation [38], can produce significant parasitic losses or increase the FC system's complexity [20]. A simpler approach for mitigating water flooding is through designing the membrane electrode assembly's components to function in the presence of liquid water [20,39].…”

Section: Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Main Power Electronics' Advances in Order to Ensure Efficient Operation and Durability of PEMFCs

et al. 2012

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Original scientific paperThis article focuses on the main issues that affect the lifetime and performance of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. The short lifespans of these fuel cells represent a barrier to their massive commercialization and usage in mobile and stationary applications. As fuel cell is a very complex system, a lot of knowledge of different areas is required, such as chemistry, electricity and mechanics, in order to completely understand its operation and all the problems that can occur during it. It is for this reason that an interdisciplinary approach needs to be taken when designing fuel-cell energy systems. This paper focuses on identifying and solving those issues that negatively affect the lifetime and performance of fuel cells. It is hoped that this article would be a valuable aid for power electronics' researchers and engineers for better understanding the presented issues and a useful guide for solving them with the use of proper power electronic-devices. Initially, the basic operation and structure of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell is explained. Three main issues that can occur during operation of a mobile or stationary fuel cell energy system are pointed out and discussed in details, on the basis of the state-of-the-art on fuel cell technology. These issues are poor water management, reactant gas starvation and fuel cell current ripple. This article provides answers as to why they occur, how they affect the fuel cell, how they can be mitigated, and what are the future trends within this research field.Key words: PEMFC, Water management, Reactant gas starvation, Current ripple, Power electronics.Pregled znanstvenih napredaka u učinskoj elektronici usmjerenih ka osiguravanju efikasnog rada i dužeg životnog vijeka PEM gorivihćelija.Članak se osvrće na ključna pitanja koja utječu na vrijeme rada i performanse gorivihćelija s polimernom membranom kao elektrolitom. Kratak životni vijek gorivihćelija takve vrste prepreka je njihovoj komercijalizaciji i masovnoj upotrebi u mobilnim i stacionarnim stanicama. Budući da su gorivećelije komplicirani sustavi potrebno je znanje iz raznih područja kemije, elektrotehnike i mehanike da bi se u potpunosti mogao razumjeti njihov način rada i problemi koji se dogadaju. Upravo je zbog toga multidisciplinarni pristup nužnost pri razvoju sustava koji koriste gorivećelije. Ovaj ječlanak usmjeren prema identifikaciji i rješavanju onih problema koji negativno utječu na životni vijek i performanse gorivihćelija. Autori se nadaju daće sečlanak pokazati kao korisna pomoć i vodič istraživačima i inženjerima u domeni učinske elektronike pri susretu s navedenim problemima. Objašnjen je način rada i struktura gorivećelije s polimernom membranom kao elektrolitom. Izložena su, i diskutirana do u detalje, tri glavna problema sa stajališta trenutačnih spoznaja u području učinske elektronike. Ti problemi su: loše upravljanje vodom, nestanak reaktantnog plina i strujni trzaji u gorivimćelijama. Objašnjeno je zašto se ovi problemi dogadaju, kako utječu na gorivućelij...

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Section: Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Main Power Electronics' Advances in Order to Ensure Efficient Operation and Durability of PEMFCs

et al. 2012

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Section: Nrc Publications Record / Notice D'archives Des Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A preferential mode of water management is the transportation of water, accumulated at the cathode, to the anode. 8,9 Ex situ studies of water permeation through Nafion membranes reveal the importance of water vapor transport at the membrane interfaces.8,10-13 Water permeation through membranes exposed to liquid water on one side and nonsaturated vapor on the other is much larger than for membranes exposed to a differential water vapor pressure. Hydraulic pressure-driven water permeation, i.e., water permeation when the membrane is exposed to liquid water on both sides, is generally greater for membranes exposed to vapor on both sides, but smaller for membranes exposed to liquid water on one side and water vapor on the other.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Permeation Through Catalyst-Coated Membranes

Adachi¹,

Romero²,

Navessin³

et al. 2010

Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.

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Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://doi.org/10.1149/1.3357339Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at Water permeation through catalyst-coated membranes Adachi, Makoto; Romero, Tatiana; Navessin, Titichai; Xie, Zhong; Shi, Zhiqing; Mérida, Walter; Holdcroft, Steven http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fra/droits L'accès à ce site Web et l'utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D'UTILISER CE SITE WEB. NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC:http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/view/object/?id=38de042b-4512-4f66-80c9-98816a8eac50 http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=38de042b-4512-4f66-80c9-98816a8eac50 Water permeabilities, driven by concentration or pressure gradients, through NRE211 and catalyst-coated membranes are reported, and the effect of the catalyst layer ͑ϳ18 m thick, 30 wt % Nafion ionomer, carbon-supported Pt, 0.4 mg Pt cm −2 ͒ on membrane water permeation is deconvoluted. For the system studied, water permeation is limited by the bulk membrane; the effect of the catalyst layer was insignificant and, despite catalyst layers being deposited on the membrane's surface, it does not influence the rates of sorption or desorption at membrane interfaces. © 2010 The Electrochemical Society. ͓DOI: 10.1149/1.3357339͔ All rights reserved. During proton exchange membrane ͑PEM͒ fuel cell operation, water accumulates at the cathode due to both the electrochemical reduction of oxygen and electro-osmotic drag ͑EOD͒. An excess of water at the cathode may restrict oxygen from reaching catalytic reaction sites. [1][2][3] In contrast, the anode may suffer dehydration if the reactant gas is dry or if EOD is large, which leads to an increase in proton resistance. [4][5][6][7] Except for very low current densities, the transport of protons and reactant gases collectively determine the current generated by a PEM fuel cell. Maintaining ...

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“…Similarly, during oxygen starvation the reaction at the cathode will produce hydrogen. 25 The presence of fuel and oxidant on the wrong side of the membrane will also lead to reverse cell potential, carbon corrosion and subsequently to damaged components [4,5]. have significant effects on the performance and durability of PEM fuel cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed parameter model-based control of water activity and concentration of reactants in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Sarmiento-Carnevali

Serra

Batlle

2017

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Water management is still a key challenge for optimal performance and durability of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Water levels along the channel in a PEM fuel cell present important spatial variations that should be taken into account to avoid both local flooding and local drying. In this work, a decentralised model predictive control scheme is designed to maintain the water activity on both anode and cathode sides of the PEM at appropriate levels. The proposed strategy tackles the accumulation of liquid water on the surface of the catalyst layers, and the possibility of local drying, by controlling observed water activity spatial profiles. Classic PEM fuel cell issues like reactant starvation are also considered. High control performance is achieved. The strategy is applied to a validated distributed parameter PEM fuel cell model.Results show increased cell power density in comparison to non-spatial control strategies.

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Anode water removal: A water management and diagnostic technique for solid polymer fuel cells

Cited by 123 publications

References 6 publications

A Review of the Main Power Electronics' Advances in Order to Ensure Efficient Operation and Durability of PEMFCs

A Review of the Main Power Electronics' Advances in Order to Ensure Efficient Operation and Durability of PEMFCs

Water Permeation Through Catalyst-Coated Membranes

Distributed parameter model-based control of water activity and concentration of reactants in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

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