Anodic spark deposition of P, Me(II) or Me(III) containing coatings on aluminium and titanium alloys in electrolytes with polyphosphate complexes

Application-wise nanostructuring of anodic films on titanium: a review

“…[81,82] The introduction of silver in the oxide is also a critical research topic, as Ag-doped TiO 2 significantly contributes to advances in the regulation of microbial colonisation and to reduce implantrelated infections, owing to its broad-spectrum bactericidal activity. [83] Ag-functionalised TiO 2 films are mostly produced by chemical techniques (solÀgel, chemical deposition, precipitationÀreduction), but ASD treatments have been developed as well, which consist of high-voltage anodising in silver acetate or silver nitrate-containing electrolytes.…”

Anodic oxidation of titanium: from technical aspects to biomedical applications

“…Modifications of the electronic structure of the oxide can also be obtained by anodizing in sulfuric acid: these principles can be exploited in photoelectrochemical applications of TiO 2 , such as photocatalytic devices or dye-sensitized solar cells (87)(88)(89). In general, phosphates electrolytes are probably the most frequently studied, owing to the improvement in corrosion resistance, catalytic activity, and biocidal effect induced by the presence of polyphosphates, elemental phosphorus or phosphides in the coating (90)(91)(92)(93)(94)(95). Metal doping of the oxide is also performed by using transition element-containing electrolytes, as widely documented in the earlier stages of the study of the process, where the chosen electrolyte is usually composed of sodium hexametaphosphate and metal acetate or polyphosphate (96)(97)(98)(99)(100).…”

In vitro biological response of plasma electrolytically oxidized and plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings on Ti–6Al–4V alloy

“…The reverse current modes promote refinement of the coating morphology and facilitate precipitation of crystalline CaPs without the need to chelate Ca 2+ cations30 or use electrolytes with a high Ca to P ratio (>2:1). This offers substantial benefits as the phosphate forming capacity of the electrolyte is known to increase with an increasing Me to P content ratio whereas the solution stability decreases31; however, the coatings produced by these methods are somewhat less studied.…”