Anodic Stripping Potentiometric Determination of Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn In Natural Waters on a Novel Combined Electrode System

Abstract

A method is described for the reliable determination of copper, lead, cadmium and zinc in natural waters by anodic stripping potentiometry mth the use of a novel combined electrode. The method involves two stripping cycles during whch copper is initially determined on its own, followed by simultaneous determination of lead, cadmium and zinc after addition of gallium (111) ions. The optimum conditions include 0.01 M HCI as supporting electrolyte, 10 mgL Hg (11) as chemical oxidant; Edep(cu) -700 mV vs Ag/AgCI; Edep(pb,cd,&) -1200 mV VS AglAgC1; tdep 10s; 150 pg/L Ga (111); sample rotation rate 5 and rest period 30s. Under these conditions, as low as 0.06 pgL Cu ( 0.7% RSD ); 0.2 p g L Pb ( 13% RSD ); 0.04 pg/L Cd ( 7.8% RSD ) and 0.06 pg/L Zn ( 5.5% RSD ) can be determined reliably. A linear concentration range of 0 -110 pg/L was obtained for the four metals.The successful application of the method to reference fresh water, creek water and tap water is demonstrated.

Anodic stripping potentiometric determination of antimony on a combined electrode

“…The electrode system consisted of a combined arrangement of the glassy carbon working electrode and Ag-AgCl reference and auxiliary electrodes, which were immersed in an inner electrolyte (1 M HCl), as previously reported. 3,4 The working GCMFE (1 mm diameter) and Ag-AgCl reference and auxiliary electrodes were combined into a single probe with a ceramic plug to permit ionic conductivity. The combined electrode was mounted on an aluminium frame to permit its free movement and rotation of the sample cell.…”

“…The use of a combined working-auxiliary-reference electrode system for the stripping potentiometric determination of cobalt, nickel and lead was first reported by Jagner et al 1,2 More recently, the use of the combined electrode has been extended to the determination of selenium in biological and environmental materials, 3 and to the simultaneous determination of copper, lead, cadmium and zinc in natural waters. 4 The main advantages of the combined electrode system include simplification of the operation and use of stripping potentiometry and improvement of the portability of the required instrumentation for in-field measurements. The combined electrode also has a distinct advantage of enabling the use of microvolumes of samples, usually 50-500 ml, which is particularly important when only a limited sample volume is available.…”

Determination of heavy metals in milk by potentiometric stripping analysis using a home-made flow cell

“…The determination of trace elements using the potentiometric stripping technique has been described and reviewed in numerous works (Chow, Davey, & Mulcahy, 1995;Estela et al, 1995;Frenzel & Br€ atter, 1986;Huiliang, Jagner, & Renman, 1988;Lo Coco, Ceccon, Ciraolo, & Novelli, 2003;Luque de Castro & Izquierdo, 1991;Ostapczuk, 1993;Riso, Le Corre, & Chaumery, 1997). The technique has been successfully applied to trace element analysis in natural waters (Adeloju, Sahara, & Jagner, 1996), in wastewater and in biological samples (Adeloju et al, 1996;Estela et al, 1995;Jagner, Renman, & Wang, 1994;Luque de Castro & Izquierdo, 1991;Ostapczuk, 1993). With voltammetric techniques, and in particular with pulsed voltammetric techniques, the dissolved reversible couples and high concentrations of inorganic salts produce interfering signals.…”

Applicability of potentiometric stripping analysis to the speciation of lead–humic acid complexes using potassium permanganate as oxidant

“…Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and related techniques have been widely used for speciation studies, 1213 mainly to determine the stability constants of complexes, owing to their high selectivity and sensitivity. 14,15 Potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) has been applied mainly to the determination of the total concentration of heavy metals in various types of samples [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and more rarely for speciation studies. [29][30][31][32][33] However, the similarity between PSA and ASV suggests that PSA may also have potential for speciation purposes.…”