“…Among the variety of approaches to the preparation of photonic crystals (e.g., self-organization of colloidal particles [8,9] and holographic lithography [10]), the most promising method for synthesis of titanium oxide photonic crystals is the anodizing of titanium under periodic anodizing conditions [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. Such an approach allows one to prepare a one-dimensional PC by varying the anodizing voltage or current density leading to the change of porosity, p , and as a result, modulation of an effective refractive index [19], n eff , throughout the film thickness.…”