Anogenital Distance, a Biomarker of Prenatal Androgen Exposure Is Associated With Prostate Cancer Severity

Maldonado-Cárceles, Ana B; Sánchez-Rodríguez, Carlos; Vera-Porras, Eva M.; Arense-Gonzalo, Julián J.; Oñate-Celdrán, Julián; Samper-Mateo, Paula; García-Escudero, Damián; Torres-Roca, Marcos; Martínez‐Díaz, Francisco; Mendiola, Jaime; Torres-Cantero, Alberto M.

doi:10.1002/pros.23279

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Studies have shown that neurobiological (Waldinger, 2002), genetic (Janssen et al, 2014), and psychological (McCabe et al, 2010) factors may be the causative factors for LPE (Corona et al, 2012).Fetal hormones may have an effect on the development of ejaculatory reflex, and LPE may be affected by intrauterine developmental process (Bolat et al, 2017). Fetal androgen exposure tends to cause multiple diseases (Maldonado-C arceles et al, 2017). In this study, we used anogenital distance (AGD), as an indirect marker of prenatal androgen exposure to investigate the effects of prenatal androgens on LPE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between anogenital distance and lifelong premature ejaculation

et al. 2019

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Background Many diseases have been associated with anogenital distance, as an indicator of intrauterine androgen exposure. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the association between lifelong premature ejaculation and anogenital distance. Materials and methods The study included 140 participants: 70 with lifelong premature ejaculation (group 1) and 70 without any ejaculatory complaints (group 2). Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool and stopwatch intravaginal ejaculatory latency time were recorded from all participants in order to evaluate ejaculatory function. Two variants of anogenital distance were measured: anogenital distance (from anus to the posterior base of the scrotum) from anus to the posterior base of the scrotum and anogenital distance (from anus to the cephalad insertion of the penis) to the cephalad insertion of the penis. We compared differences between groups and correlations between anogenital distance variants and patients’ characteristics. Results The groups were similar in terms of age, BMI, and total testosterone levels. The mean anogenital distance (from anus to the posterior base of the scrotum) scores were 59.45 ± 10.76 vs. 55.02 ± 10.13 (p = 0.01), and anogenital distance (from anus to the cephalad insertion of the penis) scores were 128.37 ± 22.2 vs. 126.78 ± 16.21 (p = 0.63) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Significant correlation was observed between anogenital distance (from anus to the posterior base of the scrotum) and Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool scores (r = 0.199, p = 0.019) and intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (r = −0.185, p = 0.028). There were no statistically significant differences between anogenital distance (from anus to the posterior base of the scrotum) scores and total testosterone levels and between anogenital distance (from anus to the cephalad insertion of the penis) and Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool scores or intravaginal ejaculatory latency time. Conclusions These results suggest that longer anogenital distance is associated with higher possibility of lifelong premature ejaculation. However, further studies are needed to confirm our results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between anogenital distance and lifelong premature ejaculation

et al. 2019

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“…In a study by Castano et al, men with prostate cancer showed shorter AGD compared to control group (14). Maldonado et al found that patients with longer AGDAS had higher cancer severity (20). Boyle et al reported that prostate cancer patients were more exposed to prenatal androgens and their findings are consistent with hypothesis suggesting a relationship between testosterone levels and severity of PCa (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Assesment of anogenital distance as a marker in diagnosis of prostate cancer

Şahin

Kutluhan²,

Toprak³

et al. 2019

Arch Ital Urol Androl

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Objectives: Anogenital distance (AGD), the distance from the sexual organs to the anus, is a sexually dimorphic feature in mammals. In this study, we investigated the relationship between anogenital distance and prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: 52 patients diagnosed with PCa and 60 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia as a control group were included in the study. AGDAP (cephalad insertion of the penis to the center of the anus) and AGDAS (posterior base (first fold) of the scrotum to the center of the anus) measurements of patients were done and noted before biopsy. Results: The mean ages of 52 patients diagnosed with PCa and 60 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were 67.70 ± 7.74 and 67.03 ± 7.89, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of age and serum testosterone levels of the patients diagnosed with prostate cancer or BPH (p > 0.05). Mean PSA values of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer wto be statistically higher than patients with BPH (p = 0.000). The mean AGDAP measurements of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer were statistically higher than those diagnosed with BPH (p = 0.000) and there was no significant difference in AGDAS measurements.(p = 0.823; p > 0.05). Conclusions: Androgen exposure is thought to play a role in the development PCa. Also AGD may be an indicator of prenatal androgen activity. In our study, we found a direct correlation between AGDAP and PCa. In order to reach a definitive conclusion, randomized controlled trials with larger sample number are needed.

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“…In men with prostate cancer, the AGD can also be used for diagnosis and prognosis, but with conflicting results. A shorter AGD was found to be related to a high risk of prostate cancer (Oñate‐Celdrán, 2019); on the other hand, a longer AGD AS was found to be significantly related to the highest Gleason score and D’Amico nomograms in another study (Maldonado‐Cárceles, 2017). In the literature, there is one study about the correlation between premature ejaculation and AGD; Toprak et al (Toprak, 2019) deduced that a long anogenital distance is related to high possibility of premature ejaculation, similar to our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The relationship between premature ejaculation and anogenital distance

2020

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Premature ejaculation is a common male sexual disease in andrology practice. The goal of essay is to investigate the relation of anogenital distance that predicts prenatal testosterone exposure with premature ejaculation. Between January and May 2019, 150 men were participated in the study. The patients were evaluated with anamnesis and physical examination; age, smoking, alcohol consumption, intravaginal ejaculation latency time, body mass index, premature ejaculation diagnostic tool, distance from anal point to scrotum and distance from anal point to penis were recorded. According to premature ejaculation diagnostic tool score, the patients were classified as premature ejaculation group (score ≥11) and control group (score <11). The mean of the male age was 30.73 ± 4.40 years. The mean intravaginal ejaculation latency time score was 3.42 ± 2.71 min. Two groups were compared using the distance from anal point to scrotum distance from anal point to penis. In the premature ejaculation group, the distances were found lower (77.46 ± 2.31 and 54.78 ± 2.56 mm) than the control group (81.32 ± 3.11 and 58.16 ± 3.48 mm). There were statistical differences between two groups (p < .001). It was concluded that it is likely to have a negative relationship between anogenital distance and premature ejaculation diagnostic tool score.

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Anogenital Distance, a Biomarker of Prenatal Androgen Exposure Is Associated With Prostate Cancer Severity

Abstract: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a higher prenatal androgen exposure is associated with higher severity of PCa. Prostate 77: 406-411, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

The relationship between anogenital distance and lifelong premature ejaculation

The relationship between anogenital distance and lifelong premature ejaculation

Assesment of anogenital distance as a marker in diagnosis of prostate cancer

The relationship between premature ejaculation and anogenital distance

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