Anomalous chemomechanical characteristics of electro-activated polyelectrolyte gels

Osada, Yoshihito; Kishi, Ryoichi; Hasebe, Masato

doi:10.1002/pol.1987.140251203

Cited by 72 publications

(70 citation statements)

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“…Hydrogels have been of interest for use as actuators for some time. [40][41][42][43] A hydrogel placed into an aqueous solution can change in shape and volume by a change in the polymer-liquid interaction, and hence the degree of swelling. This change can be brought about by a number of stimuli, the most commonly used is a change in pH.…”

Section: Ionic Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Dielectric Elastomers for Actuators and Artificial Muscles

Brochu¹,

Pei²

2009

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

1,280

1,130

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A number of materials have been explored for their use as artificial muscles. Among these, dielectric elastomers (DEs) appear to provide the best combination of properties for true muscle-like actuation. DEs behave as compliant capacitors, expanding in area and shrinking in thickness when a voltage is applied. Materials combining very high energy densities, strains, and efficiencies have been known for some time. To date, however, the widespread adoption of DEs has been hindered by premature breakdown and the requirement for high voltages and bulky support frames. Recent advances seem poised to remove these restrictions and allow for the production of highly reliable, high-performance transducers for artificial muscle applications.

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Section: Ionic Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Dielectric Elastomers for Actuators and Artificial Muscles

Brochu¹,

Pei²

2009

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

1,280

1,130

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“…The study of gels chemically actuated as muscles was initiated on poly(acrylic acid) gels by Osada in 1987 [97]. These polymers showed a large expansion on being moved from an acidic solution to a base.…”

Section: Electroactive Polymer Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial muscles based on conducting polymers

Cortés

Moreno

2003

E-Polymers

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Natural muscles have mechanical properties that conventional actuators do not possess. These natural machines show large strain, moderate stress, high efficiency and stability, fast response time, high power/weight ratio, long lifetime, etc. In the last years a great interest has arisen to develop materials that mimic natural mechanisms. Conducting polymers have an array of potential applications as artificial muscles since they are capable to produce a moderate displacement when submitted to an electrochemical reaction. This property has been used to fabricate actuator devices that imitate and even improve the performance of natural muscles. For example, conducting polymers show stresses 15 times higher than those generated by mammalian muscles, a high power/weight ratio and a high degree of compliance. However, there are also several responses that need improvement in the actuators based on conducting polymers. Strains are still c. 50% lower than in natural muscles. Most of this kind of actuators only work in liquid media. It is necessary to increase the response time and obtain more durable actuators with longer lifetime and higher stability. In spite of these disadvantages, the first actuators based on conducting polymers are being commercialized. This paper presents a brief summary of some of the actuators based on these polymers, focusing on their design, performance and actuation mechanism.

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“…Hydrogels are insoluble, cross-linked network polymer structures composed of hydrophilic homo-or hetero-copolymers, which have the ability to absorb significant amounts of water, [1][2][3] and are also triggered by a variety of external stimuli such as pH, 4 temperature, 5,6 solvent composition, 7 ionic strength, 8 external electric or magnetic fields, 9 and current and light irradiation. 10 Therefore, these excellent characteristics of hydrogel guarantee their numerous applications in various fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence of Molecular Recognition for a Specific Cation on the Change of the Oxidation State of the Metal Catalyst Component in the Hydrogel Network

Basavaraja¹,

Park²,

Choe

et al. 2007

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Molecular recognition for a specific cation depending on the change of the oxidation state of the metal catalyst component contained in the hydrogel network has been studied in a self-oscillating hydrogel. The selfoscillating hydrogels are synthesized by the copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), lead methacrylic acid (Pb(MAA) 2 ), and Ru(bpy) 3 2+ monomer as a metal catalyst component. The recognition for a specific cation (in this study, Ca 2+ has been used) is characterized by the adsorbed amount of Ca 2+ into the gel. The recognition of the gels for Ca 2+ is higher at the temperature below the LCST, and also higher at the oxidized state than at reduced state of the metal catalyst component which corresponds to a more swollen state. Moreover, a propagating wave induced by a periodic change of the oxidation state with the diffusion phenomena in the oscillating hydrogel shows a possibility for temporal and site-specific molecular recognition due to the local swelling of the gel.

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Anomalous chemomechanical characteristics of electro-activated polyelectrolyte gels

Cited by 72 publications

References 0 publications

Advances in Dielectric Elastomers for Actuators and Artificial Muscles

Advances in Dielectric Elastomers for Actuators and Artificial Muscles

Artificial muscles based on conducting polymers

Dependence of Molecular Recognition for a Specific Cation on the Change of the Oxidation State of the Metal Catalyst Component in the Hydrogel Network

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