3 . Vacancies, which are likely present on chalcogen atom sites in real samples of Bi 2 Te 2 Se and Bi 2 Se 3 , are also studied and their charged donor and resonant behavior discussed. Doping of vacancycontaining materials with regular acceptors, such as Ca or Mg, is shown to compensate the donor effect of vacancies, and n À p crossover, while increasing the dopant concentration, is observed. We verify that the RL on Sn is not disturbed by chalcogen vacancies in Bi 2 Te 2 Se or Bi 2 Se 3 , and for the Sn-doped materials with Se or Te vacancies, double doping, instead of heavy doping with Sn, is suggested as an effective way of obtaining the resonant level. This should help to avoid smearing of the RL, a possible reason for earlier unsuccessful experimental observation of the influence of the RL on the thermoelectric properties of Sn-doped Bi 2 Te 2 Se. Finally, we show that Al and Ga are possible new resonant impurities in tetradymites, hoping that this will stimulate further experimental studies.